Blades Inc Solution of Ifm

Get an answer from tutors to this homework question now: Chapter 5 Blades, Inc. Case Use of Currency Derivative Instruments Blades, Inc. needs to order supplies 2 months ahead of the delivery date. It is considering an order from a Japanese supplier that requires a payment of 12. 5 million yen payable as of the delivery date. Blades has two choices: Purchase two call options contracts (since each option contract represents 6,250,000 yen). Purchase one futures contract (which represents 12. million yen). The futures price on yen has historically exhibited a slight discount from the existing spot rate. However, the firm would like to use currency options to hedge payables in Japanese yen for transactions 2 months in advance. Blades would prefer hedging its yen payable position because it is uncomfortable leaving the position open given the historical volatility of the yen. Nevertheless, the firm would be willing to remain un-hedged if the yen becomes more stable someday.Ben Holt, Blade s chief financial officer ( CFO), prefers the flexibility that options offer over forward contracts or financial officer ( CFO), prefers the flexibility that options offer over forward contracts or futures contracts because he can let the options expire if the yen depreciates. He would like to use an exercise price that is about 5 percent above the existing spot rate to ensure that Blades will have to pay no more than 5 per-cent above the existing spot rate for a transaction 2 months beyond its order date, as long as the option premium is no more than 1. percent of the price it would have to pay per unit when exercising the option. In general, options on the yen have required a premium of about 1. 5 percent of the total transaction amount that would be paid if the option is exercised. For example, recently the yen spot rate was $0. 0072, and the firm purchased a call option with an exercise price of $0. 00756, which is 5 percent above the existing spot rate. The premium for this opt ion was $0. 0001134, which is 1. 5 percent of the price to be paid per yen if the option is exercised.A recent event caused more uncertainty about the yen s future value, although it did not affect the spot rate or the forward or futures rate of the yen. Specifically, the yen s spot rate was still $0. 0072, but the option premium for a call option with an exercise price of $0. 00756 was now $0. 0001512. An alter-native call option is available with an expiration date of 2 months from now; it has a premium of $0. 0001134 (which is the size of the premium that would have existed for the option esired before the event), but it is for a call option with an exercise price of $0. 00792. The table below summarizes the option and futures information available to Blades: the option premium for a call option with an exercise price of $0. 00756 was now $0. 0001512. An alter-native call option is available with an expiration date of 2 months from now; it has a premium of $0. 0001134 (which is t he size of the premium that would have existed for the option desired before the event), but it is for a call option with an exercise price of $0. 00792.The table below summarizes the option and futures information available to Blades: Before Event After Event Spot rate $. 0072 $. 0072 $. 0072 Option Information Exercise price ($) $. 00756 $. 00756 $. 00792 Exercise price (% above spot) 5% 5% 10% Option premium per yen ($) $. 0001134 $. 0001512 $. 0001134 Option premium (% of exercise price) 1. 5% 2. 0% 1. 5% Total premium ($) $1,417. 50 $1,890. 00 $1,417. 50 Amount paid for yen if option is exercised (not including premium) $94,500 $94,500 $99,000 Futures Contract Information Futures price $. 06912 $. 006912 As an analyst for Blades, you have been asked to offer insight on how to hedge. 1. What are the advantages and disadvantages for Blades to use currency option contracts and currency futures contracts to hedge its 12. 5 million yen payables respectively? 2. If Blades uses call o ptions to hedge its yen payables, should it use the call option with the exercise price of $0. 00756 or the call option with the exercise price of $0. 00792? What are differences between these two alternatives? 3.Given the above information, how may you take advantages of this situation? 4. Assume the standard deviation for yen is about $0. 0005. If you believe that the future spot rate will likely be two standard deviations above and below the expected spot rate (0. 006912) by the delivery date, what are your maximum gain and loss for option contracts and future contract respectively? Please draw a contingency diagram for each type of contract and also mark the maximum gain, loss, and a break-even price point for each type of contract in your answer. Please show your calculation

My High School Experience Essay

Everyone has heard or been told, â€Å"high school is what you make of it.† High school is in fact what you make of it, but it is also the time of great change in everybody. They say HIGH SCHOOL is the best part of growing up and being a teenager. It is where we can experience things, which we thought we can never make or do. It is where we discover and learn things in our own and it is where we learn to become independent. In my four years of studying here, I discovered that there is more to life than what we had imagined. I am able to learn many things based on what my teachers had taught me and based on my own experiences. I am able to know and to be acquainted with myself more and I am able to distinguish my capabilities and talents. I am able to gain friends and I am able to socialize and mingle more with the people around me. High School to me seemed like it passed by really fast, almost too fast sometimes. I learned many valuable life lessons as well as made lifelong friends. I learned the value of hard work, dedication, and also how to tell your real friends from the others. It was tough but overall a great experience that I will soon miss. Since being a freshman, I have changed in a major way. Coming into high school I was a shy, unmotivated young man that didn’t really know what he was getting into. I am leaving high school a man who is mature, outgoing, and very sure of himself. If high school has taught me anything, it is that you should always have confidence in yourself. If you believe in yourself and you believe that you can achieve anything you want in life, good things will happen to you. Knowing that I am graduating high school and never coming back hasn’t really hit me yet. These four years has been an overall life changing experience that I will never forget.

Marketing plan about Tan Hiep Phat

Marketing Environment HTTP owns a modern production line and performs very well in managing quality tit international standard such as ‘SO, and others. Moreover, they have invested significantly in research and development. One of the important strengths of the company is that they have a strong distribution system. HTTP also has some limitations. The company has only one factory which cannot provide enough products to the market. In addition, the customer service of the company underperformed is another disadvantage.The limited liability company is going to develop to Join-stock company for its benefit of such organizational structure. The weather of Vietnam creates a great opportunities for the support of tea. Therefore, HTTP has a large number of supporters. Moreover, the development of technology fosters the communication between customers and producer more easily and inexpensively. Although there are great opportunities, HTTP is suffering from competitive pressure. While t he direct competitor – CO has dominated a large proportion of market, there are so many substitute products for consumers to choose for the same need.Furthermore, the unstable economy has made some impact on the input and purchase process. Target Market The target market of Zero Degree Green Tea is Vietnamese young adults who account or a large proportion of population in Vietnam. Zero Degree Green Tea aims to be a convenient drink that is good for health and has good taste in top of consumers' mind. Marketing Mix HTTP provides many kinds of green tea in the product line which satisfy different taste of target consumers. The Zero Degree Green Tea is produced by modern technology and contain healthy components such as vitamins.The product is packaged in PET bottle which is reusable. The bottle is designed with green color, so it looks fresh and eye-catching to target consumers. At the beginning, HTTP follows the skimming price strategy with the Zero Degree Green Tea product. T hey want consumers to know that the product has good quality and healthy. At the current time, Zero Degree Green Tea has been set at the market price to compete with other competitors. Promotion strategy of Zero Degree Green Tea focuses on media advertising.In addition, some sales promotion programs were implemented to attract its target market. Products provided by HTTP take advantage from the reputation of the company including Zero Degree Green Tea. HTTP has built good relations with society and media in variety of social activities. HTTP has invested 50 million dollar in striation and facilities. There are two new factories have been built in Chug Alai and Ha Name to provide inventory for the market in the Middle and the North of Vietnam. Zero Degree Green Tea is distributed intensively to the market through many intermediaries.Company Description Tan Hippie Path was well known as Ben Than bear before. It was established in 1994 by Dry. Trans Guy Than. Nowadays, besides hundreds of foreign brands in drinking industry like Pepsi, Coca Cola, Tan Hippie Path almost converts awareness of Vietnamese about carbonated drink into healthier drink. Tan Hippie Pears products intended to achieve the title â€Å"Vietnam High Quality Goods† by consumers voted in honor of National Brands in 2010 and the other valuable prizes which makes the customers trust in quality management as well as environmental protection of Tan Hippie Path.The company is recognized as Quality Management System according to ISO 9001 :2000 in 1999, Environmental Management system ISO 14001 : 2004 2006 and Hygiene Management System Food Safety HACK standards in 2006 Facilities of Tan Hippie Path Company are very large and organizing: Head Office is at 219 provincial highway located in Bin Dung, Vine PH, Than An, Bin Dung. Scale factory broader 110,000 mm, with the equipment, technological lines of research, and the most modern manufacturing Southeast Asia.Furthermore, HTTP is proud to be one of the units owned in many produce technology, the most modern lines Vietnam as sterile lines extracted Aseptic cold, fresh beer, beverages and fermented production line. In 2004, symbolism production with advanced technology shelling of Japan was first applied in Vietnam. Than Herbal Tea, Number 1 energy drink, soy milk Soya Number 1, and so on is the leading brand in the market, has proved HTTP always go early in accessing and understanding the ever-changing needs of consumers.For instance, the most well-known drink, also in one of the first product Tan Hippie Path has produced, Zero decree Green Tea has taken a huge place in drinking generation. Strategic Focus and Plan Vision The vision of company is to become the leading Asian corporations in three main business sectors such as industry drinks, instant food, and plastic packaging. This is measured by a lot of factors; firstly, the company is located in the top 10 leading company in the beverage market and food in Vietnam.Secon dly, it has to achieve Total Quality Management certification and international management standard. The final factor is internal market penetration; the company makes effort to enter brand of Zero Degree green Tea to Asian market. Mission Tan Hippie Path Group produces and does business the healthy products that are good for Asian consumers with the taste and quality of products according to international standards. At the same time, the company has to satisfy the highest demands of customers to deserve as preferred supplier as well as a reliable partner in business. GoalThe objective of the Tan Hippie Path Trading and Services Limited Liability Company is to create the best drink products through multiple brands such as Number 1, Zero Degree Green Tea, Herbal Tea Dry Than to consumers by an extensive distribution system and spread over 64 provinces in Vietnam. Core Competency and Sustainable Competitive Advantage Core Competency Each company has special core competency. So does Ta n Hippie Path, for them, â€Å"Today more than yesterday but not right by tomorrow with Spirit† Nothing is impossible† and they commit to achieve â€Å"International quality standards†.Moreover, the many sets orientation according to the highest spirit of family and becomes a trusted partner. HTTP group is striving to become responsible and respectable citizens in the society. Competitive Advantage To compete with the giants of world-class beverages are available in Vietnam, Tan Hippie Path beverage group tried incessantly to create differences. The advantage of HTTP is flexibility, quick decision making, know how to find out the potential demand of consumers to meet and continuous improvement.The more important thing is that HTTP group is always interested in the development of community because it plays the important role to successes of business. Therefore, HTTP involved in social activities and charity very much. â€Å"l am aware the consumer is king, decide the survival of your business, so in order to receive the support of consumers, we have the contribution by contrast, creates belief in love. Therefore, I have captured the hearts of Vietnamese customers. Success depends on many factors, but ultimately the quality of the product remains the number one criteria. (Businessman Trans Quiz Than-CEO of Tan Hippie Path group) Situation Analysis SOOT Analysts Strengths High-quality human resources Modern productions line and productions facilities HTTP is one of the most leading firm, which achieve integrated systems stability standards: ISO 9001-2004, 14001-2000 Having large share of the market for non-gas beverage Substantial investment in product research and development Numerous award for quality, participated in many social events Wide distribution system Weaknesses There is only one factory located in Bin Dung Firm only focus on domestic market Taps beverage products compete with each other.Customer service is not good Limited liabil ity company Opportunities Large market with modern consumer. High quality materials contribute to improve the quality of products Climate of Vietnam will be a business opportunity if HTTP development suitable products. Tropical climate increases demand for consumer beverage. There are a large number of material supplier of HTTP, That facilitates for manufacture to ensure inputs are favorable Information technology and mass media develop image of HTTP and its products Vietnam located in South East Asia and close to ocean.That is good position for export to foreign market Vietnam have Joint in WTFO since 2006 Drinking tea is traditional habit of Vietnamese and Asian Threats Competitive pressure: Taps products can be competed with other direct competitors like CO of ARC and other substitute goods Customers require more about quality of product and packaging. That increase pressure on R & D department of HTTP Unfair competition Inflation impact on cost of input and purchasing of custome r Complex criteria of hygiene and safety Industry Analysis It is predicted that, Vietnamese beverage tent to increase gradually in gas beverages at about 5% per year.Whereas, non-gas beverage will have a significant growth at a rate of 10% a year, within the period between 2007 and 2015. Specifically, mineral water ND bottle water will have average increase of 12% per year, fruit Juice's figures will increase at 4-7% per year (2007-20019) and 10-12% per year (2010-2015). Most of beverage firm tends to produce and sale non -gas beverage, especially products that's good for consumer's health. In Vietnam and world's beverage market, bottled green tea have been developing significantly, since ass.Almost famous brand which have appeared in Vietnam for many year have produced green tea products in Europe, the U. S, Japan's market. Such as: Lipton, Nestle, Unprinted, ARC. At the moment, there are a lot of green tea products which are bottled. The two most popular product are â€Å"Zero de gree green tea† of Tan Hippie Path, CO of ARC. Specifically, the Statistic of Nielsen in 2011 illustrated that. â€Å"Zero degree green tea† accounted for 13% of the market while, Co's figures were 8,1%.Furthermore, another statistic from Nielsen also showed development of Zero degree green tea proportion in bottled Vietnam green tea market that 1/2007: 30%3/2007: 40%4/2007: 48%5/2007: 49%6/2007: 53%7/2007: 52%8/2007: 57%9/2007: Fact of tea industry Vietnam have climate and geographic conditions for growing of tea. There are 33 over 54 provinces of Vietnam grow tea. Such as Thai Unguent, Lam Dong which is famous place for growing tea in Vietnam. Within period between 2003 and 2004, Tea's output growth steadily and Tea's area were 100. 0006 ha.Thus, it's good opportunity for bottle green tea to develop because of low cost of input. Competitor analysis Since, Tan Hippie Path discovered and developed bottled green tea market, â€Å"Zero degree green tea† brand have begun to be the most popular product in the market. Then, bottled green tea have become potential market that big brands began to Join in. In consequence, there are many bottled green tea products form other firms omitted in this market. Such as: Real leaf (Coca-Cola), Fresh (Vanilla), Lipton Pure Green (Pepsi), CO (ARC).Furthermore, many brands also diversified instance bottled green tea products. Such as artichoke tea, lemon green tea, honey green tea, free- sugar green tea. It creates their differences compared to other competitor. Prefigure 1: The bottled green tea market of Vietnam in 2011 (At-Nielsen) Although many products of many firm in the bottled green tea market, the report of Canticles illustrates that the two most popular products areas of ARC and Zero degree green EAI of Tan Hepatic. The two big ones still maintain a significant distance rather than other brands.Investing in Vietnam with total capital of 14,5 million, CO took aggressive advertising campaign, in 2010, ARC raised the yield to 70% by expanding factories in Ho Chi Mini City and completing new one in Ha Non. To compete against opponent- Tan Hepatic which discovered and had larger market shares, CO found its own way. It is focusing on developing distribution network, particularly in big cities and choosing PET bottles which have a small capacity (mall) to fit the customer hand's size. In consequence, ARC achieved 57% growth in Vietnam in 2011.Therein, CO is the major revenue of beverages segment with the best growth. Company The first and most important reason why Tan Hippie Path has a high position as it is today is the company's strengths in facilities and human resources. They have a high quality input sources from prestigious suppliers. Besides (in addition), a well- equipped infrastructure system with modern machineries, equipment, research facilities and the most modern manufacturing process in Asian, alongside with high regarded labor protection procedures to ensure safety for employees.In HTTP, their moderators (leader) are ambitious and visionary managers: They are very flexible, make decision based on hard working researches and discussions. The success of CO Green Tea is depicted by a great effort of them while they knew how to find out the potential needs of consumers to satisfy and continuous improvement, and not afraid to roll out new products to compete in a hot market of beverage drinks. Their workers are also professionally trained and with high responsibility.Furthermore, Tan Hippie Path has over 17 years of operation in beverage industries and serves the nonuser, company always get customer's trust and appreciation for high quality products and service. It is Illustrated with 11 consecutive years (1999-2009), HTTP was voted as â€Å"one of the top quality brand of Viet Name† by Saigon marketing newspaper readers. The company is one of the leading enterprises of the country reached an international quality standards system such as ISO 90 01-2004, 14001-2000, HACK etc.Especially, they have a larger market share of the beverage market with an extensive distribution system. Indeed, there are other reasons for the company's success and marketing strategies is one of the prominent factors to achieve that. Overall, Tan Hippie Path used their strengths in marketing strategies analysis and evaluation process to satisfy customer about high quality products as well as achieving mission goals. Consumer analysis Customers account for an inseparable part in Tan Hippie Path business.Therefore, customer segmentation and analyzing consumers' characteristics are very essential. Particularly, Tan Hippie Path realized that nowadays consumers have higher education levels and their living standard is better than before, so they always require better laity products. Viet Name is a populous country and with young population who follow modern lifestyle with fast food and convenient drink. Another pro for beverage development is a tropical climate (very hot) so this increase demands for cool drinking.In addition, with respect to the lifestyle of Vietnamese, their products are combinations of traditional (tradition of drinking tea) and modernity (the product is capable of using fast). Tan Hippie Path provides valuable contribution to customers through health and nutrition which is one of the issues people concern today. Take example, because green tea is good for human health: increase resistance, refresh body (compare with Coca cola). O degree green tea of company is a high quality product too that is guaranteed thanks to technology bottled still in high temperatures from 86 degrees C to 90 degrees C.This process keeps honest green tea flavor characteristics, pure quality, and nutrition. Market-product Focus Target Market Zero Degree Green Tea's target market is Vietnamese young adults who are suffering from the negative impacts of fast-paced lifestyle such as pollution, great pressure at school and work. Therefore, t hey raise awareness of healthy drinks use (Best Sustained Success, 2011). Since Vietnam has youthful age structure, this target market becomes very attractive.If GET dominates the market, HTTP can gain much profit. Points of Difference HTTP provides ready-to-drink green tea to the markets with some points of difference. Firstly, it is convenient to carry on and it saves time of making. Moreover, Zero Degree Green Tea is made by natural materials and it has no gas. Therefore, the product does not damage consumers' health. In addition, GET taste very good with lemon flavor. Another difference is that GET is packaged in high quality bottles using PET technology and they are reusable.Positioning The positioning of GET in consumers' mind is a healthy product which supports energy to young consumers. Green tea is also a traditional drink in Vietnam and HTTP has made it more convenient to consume. In addition, the product has low price which is more affordable for everybody, especially you ng people. Marketing Program Product strategy Product line. Tan Hippie Path also provides a variety of green tea products such as free-sugar green tea, lemon green tea, honey green tea honey and lemon green tea, ND even prepare to launch green tea in box.It has diversified the containers of original flavors such as producing lemon green tea in glass bottle, PET bottle and can to satisfy customer needs and wants. Unique product quality. Produced on modern Japanese technological production line with selected verdant leaves plucked out of tea plants on plains, green tea is able to keep its natural and pure flavor. Green tea is mad through hot extraction process in order to ensure food safety and hygiene standard and to detain precious essences of green tea. Zero Degree Green Tea has original flavors to satisfy consumer needs and increase customer value.With nutritious element such as vitamins E, C, and especially EGG, a strong anti-dioxide element, green tea helps people to reduce stre ss, reinforce resistance, prevent skin ageing and cancer in order to cool down your body and spirit after a hardworking day or after a long trip. Furthermore, this products have light yellow color which is same color with nature tea and is not too much sweet. It makes consumers believe that this beverage is good for their health, although, people normally think that bottled and manned drink is harmful from color chemical and sweeteners.It is very convenient to bring along Zero Degree Green Tea on trips, picnics, or in conferences†¦ And sometimes simply drink it at home instead of purified water. Packaging. Its cover are designed finely because green color on it makes consumers feel fresh and friendly with the environment. It is also eye-catching and distinguished from other competitors' products. With the use of heat-resisting mall PET bottle, the choice of trade mark logo (two circles), and green tea bears high aesthetic value under the sponsorship of Number One trademark.Its cover are designed finely because green color on it makes consumers feel fresh and friendly with the environment. It is also eye-catching and distinguished from other competitors' products. Price strategy Since Tan Hippie Path group explored the bottled green tea market in the early of 2006 and achieved success, this market has become an exciting† playground† with a lot of participants such as CO, Green tea 100 and Lipton green tea. In that situation, Tan Hippie Path used the advantage of â€Å"first-mover† in green tea market in order to apply skimming pricing strategy to Zero Degree Green Tea.It means that Tan Hippie Path sets the price which was 20 % more than the others beverage. However, customers still accepted and were willing to buy the product with that price because it was still consistent with Vietnamese standard of living at that time. PET bottle Zero degree green tea Green tea 100 Lipton pure green tea some VEND 7,500 VEND 6800 mall VEND 5,500 mall VE ND 6,000 Figure 2: Retail price comparison of RED green tea 2011 in Vietnam Although the price of zero degree green tea is higher than others, the customers really desiring the product are willing to pay.These people are not very price sensitive because they usually concern more about the quality of the product. When the company sets the higher price compared to the competitors, the customers think that the quality of product is higher than others, too. Tan Hippie Path grasped clients' psychology which most consumers believe that the high price is the good quality. This is one of the factors contributing to the success of this product. However, nowadays, the green tea market becomes more and more competitive with a lot of new brands penetrating the market such as Tea Plus, Fresh, Wonderland and Thin Tar.The customers have ore comparisons about price and quality between the different brands to choose the best product for themselves. Therefore, Tan Hippie Path does not concentrate on skimming price strategy as the first time. The price of Zero Degree green Tea at the moment is medium compared to the other brands in the bottled green tea market. However, within the advantage of â€Å"first mover†, Zero Degree Green Tea has been known and believed in high quality and healthy product, so customer behavior does not change significantly in purchasing decision making.Moreover, setting the medium price is also another advantage of this product in today's market because he company can prevent some brands from entering the market. If Tan Hippie Path still keeps high price as the first time, this makes lots of chances for the other brands entering the market by setting lower price but also ensuring to earn profit. Promotion strategy Zero Degree Green Tea is the first ready-to-drink tea in the market of Vietnam. By understanding consumer's psychology, it had a high position in the consumer's perception. However, today the market has a lot of substitute products.Faci ng this risk, it should focus more on promotion strategic to attract consumer. Tan Hippie Path articulated on activities sponsored in many different fields such as: sports, arts and culture-social activities. Whether being charities donation or trade the item are not out the main purpose for the consumer that is make consumer know about the product and its brand. In the year later, Tan Hippie Path was standing in the top 10 businesses spent on advertising in Vietnam. The most activities are funded biggest like brands for health care, such as: green tea, Barley tea.Advertising. The media which was used in advertising of Zero Degree Green Tea was variety such as newspapers, magazines, televisions and outdoor advertisement. Zero Degree Green Tea has creative advertisement, which has been broadcasting in popular channels like WV, TV and Vietnamese cable TV like ACTS, heal, Lets Viet, yang TV, ACTS. Target customers is people who concerned with health and nutrition so their advertisement concentrated on delivering the idea that Zero Degree Green Tea is able to keep tea's natural and pure flavor.Print Advertisement was posted on almost newspapers such as Auto tree (Youth), Than nine, The gigs pH nu (Women's World), Tip HTH gig Dinah (Marketing family). Advertising campaigns about utilities and benefits of Zero Degree Green Tea which were posted 1 time/week in 3/2006, is presented in the newspapers and magazines. There are several bus stations in which Zero Degree Green Tea puts their advertising panels. Painting advertising on the buses is also the best way for attracting consumer. Moreover, people possibly notice on those advertisements and try to drink Zero Degree Green Tea.They use tools to support sales such as promotions, consumer sampling, sampling route, display products, posters, billboards, organize event to increase brand perception for consumers. Internet is the quickest and shortest way to deliver information to any consumer. Their own website which is u pdated regularly. They also use social network such as backbone which is crowned with young people in community network. In some popular websites for specific group of people (zing. Van, heal . Com, yang. Net), Zero Degree Green Tea puts their animated banner to display attractively their product.Publicity and Public Relations. In the economy's situation today, advertising is declined gradually and abdicated for PR then raising activities and the creation of corporate value are not only in the quality of product, but also the brand's image associated tit the community activities. Tan Hippie Path considered this as a principle of its business operations. Zero Degree Green Tea's brand associated with sports activities, typical is ‘Student contest: Literature – Fitness -Art 2012 U – League' (Hoi HTH sins vine Van-The-My 2012 U-League).Besides the programs funded to the health care of community that were done by Tan Hippie Path such as ‘Day for blood glucose te sting and caring diabetes patients' (Nagy hoi HTH dung yet VA sham Soc been Nan dad that dung); TV Program ‘For the quality of life' (Vi chat lung choc song) aired on HTTP. The meaningful of community activities have asserted Tan Hippie Pat's brand increasingly not only production, good business but also serving the community benefits. Tan Hippie Path Group and music channels Hanta signed cooperation within two years from 9/9/2009.Because their customers are young people and with the same goal which is bringing quality products to consumers, the cooperation between the two sides will support each other in business expansion and exploitation market potential and advertising two brands. Tan Hippie Path got many certifications such as Vietnamese flag of Ministry of Labor, Invalids and Social Affairs' Unit Emulation excellent work of occupational safety and health in 2006 (03/17/2007); certificate of famous Brand country (26/04/2008); -ran Hippie Path received Vietnamese' Gold Sta r Medals, honoring businesses WTFO, Vietnam Dragon Symbol (30/0112010).These prizes and certifications are recognition of government and community about product's quality. Sales promotion. Tan Hippie Path had many promotion's methods such as discount for buying block, lucky prices, promotions in supermarkets and other retailers to applying for consumers. They organized a lot of activities to promote and deliver their product. For example, promotion program ‘Fun spring, torn label, winning gold' (Year of the Dragon 2012); Zero Degree Green Tea-life moments cooling-Khan shack gigs intent choc song (2012); Zero Degree Green Tea- smile spread-Nu quoi Ian too.Goal of this event is creating opportunities for people to laugh with all people in Vietnam and spread the spirit of optimism, love of life to other people, discover the power of smile. In addition, Tan Hippie Path also held mini- contests for community networks on fan page of Zero Degree Green Tea. Game- shows were taken plac e every week with attractive gifts. On the occasion of holidays, hey were a sponsor for the promotion of the discount programs of Big C supermarket, Co-pop mart, Metro to stimulate consumption on last year's holidays.Personal selling. Main orientation of Zero Degree Green Tea is most concerned with agency. In the mature stage of the product life cycle should not promote this tool. Because of customers and distributors were aware of product's brand in market. Primarily based on advertising to inform, persuade and remind customers. Direct marketing. The company will directly promote their product to targeted customer and improve brand awareness as well. Tan Hippie Path has always focused on tools of discount for sales to wholesalers and retailers.Promote policies and programs as well as support sales and promotions to attract and retain the principal agents. Promotion cost. Nowadays, Zero Degree Green Tea is high in position in the product life cycle. Advertising campaign in favor of psychology attained good results in building images of a natural product, beneficial health, bringing fresh feeling fresh, cool. At the same time, awareness of the tea's benefits for consumers is quite high (over 50 %), besides that the Joining of another brands such as CO, Fresh, tea plus, hat also contributes to increasing competition in the market.Advertisements are not only introducing the product but also its purpose is increasing revenue and profit. However, depending on the life cycle of products that promotions have a certain goal, Zero Degree Green Tea of Tan Hippie Path is on saturated stage of the life cycle of product while rivals the brand's market share is quite Vietnam large, each brand launching different strategies to attract customers. It leads to market which is influenced by many factors detrimental to business so at this time, the primary objective of business is strategy to compete with rivals and large market shares.Therefore budget planning which is suitable for promotional activities will contribute to the success goals. Figure 3: The promotion cost and revenue of Zero Degree Green Tea over the period of life cycle product At the present, the bottled green tea market share is full, Zero Degree Green Tea has to compete more drastically with other opponent. Tap Hippie Path was assessed one of five companies having the highest promotion cost in 2009. Specifically, promotion cost increased 3 times at that time, while other competitor's figures were quite small

Completing a threat assessment of ANSAR DINE. This entity poses a Essay

Completing a threat assessment of ANSAR DINE. This entity poses a threat to the United States in some way - Essay Example It is advisable that the US government should take this matter into serious consideration due to the fact that being an integrated part of ‘al-Qaeda’ it might raise threat against the interest of the US in the long run. One of such instances regarding this context includes the destruction of the ‘United Nations declared Heritage Sites’ in the area of Timbuktu, by Ansar Dine. This incident has raised severe levels of concerns for both the US as well as the security interests of the world along with bringing forward certain cases of humanitarian crisis2. Furthermore, the killing of ‘Osama bin laden’ (the leader of al-Qaeda) has further intensified the quest of this terrorist organization in the context of jeopardizing the western interests. Before the attack on the ‘World Trade Centre’ also known as (the attack of 9/11), the US government took the activities of this Islamic fundamentalist group in a casual manner. However, the attack of 9/11 completely changed the attitude of the US government towards this terrorist affiliate organization. The current fear of the US government is regarding the driving of the Ansar Dine militants into the ungoverned areas of the Sahara desert by the French army. The reason being, those ungoverned desert areas within Northern Mali can act as a settlement area for the al-Qaeda affiliates such as Ansar Dine3 This in turn has further increased the intensity of threat from this group both from the domestic as well as international perspective. This is due to the fact that Norther n Mali is a deserted border location within West Africa. Due to the geographical location of Mali, it will be easy for this Islamic fundamentalist group to easily smuggle funds, illegal machineries along with weapons from not only other states but also from the neighboring nations thereby increasing the threat intensity of the terrorist

Letter to parliament Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Letter to parliament - Essay Example This however does mean its policies are perfect in regard to meeting social needs. This discussion focuses on the various ways by, which United States’ social and Health policy has been ineffective the Comparing it with Canadian Social and Health Policy. It suggests ways through which its standards can be raised to favour the entire society. Recommendation are thereby given and conclusion as to introduction of new policies into the industry to facilitative it efficient and smooth running while reducing costs are highlighted. Background Understanding Canada's Medicare Debate Medicare including social care in Canada is a success story. Not to the perfection, but good enough to be admired by better part of the world. Canadians therefore receive high standard healthcare whenever they need it as there are no financial constrains or any other obstacles, therefore they take the care for granted. In comparison with everything that happens in USA, they get surprised yet pleased to real ize they have a well-designed health program that delivers better results and care, to a huge population, and a considerably lower cost than in the USA. Faced with these realities, media and policy makers have come up with a predictable conclusion: Canadian healthcare is in a deep crisis, probably in deathbed. Collapse of health sector has been predicted and urgent overhaul is needed to bring it back to track. High care debate has become a philosophical battle ground, in which predetermined economic and political assumptions are more evidential and where tale is received as a fact. Considerations Out of Control Costs Reality: Health care expenses are under very tight control, to a point where spending in a pubic funded health facility isn’t keen on keeping track with the population growth rate. Being a percentage of Gross National Product, spending on health care has leveled at approximately 9%.Healthcare became national program in 1971, when the proportion of GNP rose to 9 % from 7.5%.This rising share going to health care in 1980’s was not as a result of spiraling costs but due to shrinking economy and started at the introduction of free trade agreements .If the GNP did not slump then, the spending on healthcare would still be at 7% just like they did in 1971. While discussing costs on healthcare, it’s crucial to put on mind that spending on health in public sector accounts for 72%.The costs are rapidly growing in private sector unlike the public sector e.g. dental services and drugs. Instituting user fees and abolishing free system Reality: It’s illogical to say that if costs are too high, the solution is to further raise them. To the contrary user fees do not reducing rather it increases costs. Premium insurance, taxes or user fees the money is dug from the same pocket. The actual advantage to the advocates of user fees is that they discourage the poor from seeking the medical care. Ones the poor is denied care, the rich can the n avoid assisting to cater for their care. In 1970’s under the Liberals, Saskatchewan introduced the fee which saw the poor shy ff from seeking the care, physician visits by the poor decreased by 18%.Inspite of this, the overall costs rose, due to changes in mix services and utilization patterns. Actually the doctors maintained their salaries by encouraging the high income patients to make more visits and take more tests. At the end of it, more was being spent while providing care to fewer people. Health care Cost

How do you feel about what has transpired surrounding the U.S. Supreme Essay

How do you feel about what has transpired surrounding the U.S. Supreme Court's ruling on Obamacare (or the Affordable Care Act) - Essay Example They are at liberty to be insured by an agency of their choice. The Act makes healthcare more accessible and affordable to individuals, small business owners and families by reducing premium costs and offering tax relief. It is termed the biggest middle level tax reduction in history of healthcare (U.S. Department of Health & Human Services 1). Members of the middle class who do not have healthcare coverage will now be compelled to contribute towards the insurance coverage of the rest of the people. This has a beneficial effect to all because a majority of the citizens will end up paying less than what they would have otherwise been required to pay, including those in the middle class. I see no justification in opposing an Act that provides all these benefits, apart from selfish political interests that would rather exclude the poor from accessing healthcare to ensure a comfortable life for the rest. America is the only developed country that leaves out millions of its poorest popula tion from healthcare (Liptak 1). The approval of this Act will be a bridge between the poor and a decent healthcare program. The Act regulates the insurance industry by setting and imposing rules that discourage abuse. It forbids insurance companies from denying insurance coverage to citizens who have pre existing health conditions while according insurance clients power to appeal an insurance company’s assessment that deny treatments ordered by doctors (Liptak 1). I feel this sets a ground for all industry players while giving citizens on of their basic rights. I feel the Act is not discriminatory. It extends Medicaid and treats all States equally.  It has also preserved the children’s insurance plan and made enrollment for individuals and families much simpler (U.S. Department of Health & Human Services 1). Americans with disabilities also stand to gain as the Act enhances community based care for them. Expanding home care to those with long term needs of

Lockheed Martin Corporation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Lockheed Martin Corporation - Essay Example Ethics in sustainability, good citizenship, and asset responsibility are fundamental ethical standards that the corporation’ marketing team can use in convincing customers (Lamb, Hair & McDaniel, 2012). Ethical standards set by Lockheed Martin are among key aspects that help the company in luring large markets that it controls across the globe. Most of their ethical standards are elements that form good marketing gears for the marketing team. To acquirer long-term and continual market survival, the business must maintain high ethical standards. Tough rules on ethics are a good indication of competence and high standards of service provision.Lockheed Martin products face stiff competition from some of the major players in the aerospace industry such as Boeing. The only advantage that Lockheed Martin enjoys is customer confidence, even though Boeing also has its loyal customers (Lamb, Hair & McDaniel, 2012). The competing companies, in many cases, violate their set ethics to com pete favorably. Although violation of ethics may be beneficial in the short run, it affects the continuous customer loyalty.

Recruitment of Employees in the Field of Property Market of Hong Kong Research Proposal

Recruitment of Employees in the Field of Property Market of Hong Kong - Research Proposal Example The growth in the world economy has created opportunities for many people around the world thus reducing the gap between higher and middle class. Increase in earning capabilities gave rise to spending capabilities resulting in the real estate boom which was also the cause of latest economic recession during 2008. The boom in real estate was seen all over the world which pumped the stock market prices of many companies involved and manufacturing products required for construction. The strengthening economic relations with the Mainland have maintained Hong Kong’s status as an international financial center and a regional business hub. The overall residential property market staged a strong rebound in 2009 and is continuing in 2010 (Hong Kong Property Market Report 2010). In view of the economic strengthening of Hong Kong, it is necessary that human resource is managed effectively. It is evident from the report that property market is booming once again after the looming recessio n and the boom also creates employment opportunities. Human resource management is important in property market because efficient employees need to be recruited and appointed in a suitable position so as to gain the competitive edge over the rivals and at the same time it is also necessary to retain the employees by implementing various promotional schemes. The 2007 credit crisis engulfed the whole world into its ambit badly affecting the real estate boom. However, the recent report by Global Property Guide (1) in its Mid-2010 Property Recommendation mentioned that the world’s property markets are recovering slowly and steadily. According to the Global Property Guide’s survey, it is revealed from the official housing price statistics that 19 out of 36 countries experienced house price increase during the year to end Q1 2010.  Ã‚  

DFQ Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

DFQ - Term Paper Example differential equation and its significant contribution to the cooling of temperatures, which is one particular area of interest as far as the subject of real life situations, is concerned. Additionally, it is imperative to note that the first order differential equation that will be applied in determining the rate, timing and quantity of temperature cooling is an ordinary differential equation of first order. A first order differential equation conforms to the linearity of ordinary differential equations since the derivative part of the equation exists in the first degree (Abell & Braselton, 2004). As a result, the general representation of a first order differential equation of linear type can be represented by the following formula, Where dy/dx is the derivative part, P and Q are referred to as continuous functions of the variable x. in addition, X and y represents variables that are subject to manipulation. The above-mentioned formulation is the standard form of a first order linear differential equation, thus, the derivative solutions of such equation, first takes into consideration the re-writing of any equation in standard format before working on it in terms of derivation (Abell & Braselton, 2004). Moreover, if a differential equation contains coefficients preceding the derivative part, it is recommended that the coefficients be divided throughout the equation to ensure uniformity. When the derivative is preceded by a constant or any other variable they must be divided through the whole equation to obtain the standard form of the ordinary differential equation (Abell & Braselton, 2004). The analytical solution represents the general solution of the equations and it is imperative to note that it contains arbitrary constants, which can only be calculated, if there is the presence of initial value problems (Abell & Braselton, 2004). Therefore, the solution can be given by the following set of equations The numerical solution of a first order differential

Groundwater pumping Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Groundwater pumping - Essay Example The signing of three bills regulating groundwater pumping in California will promote the management of groundwater since they adopt a fee-based structure and impose groundwater-pumping restrictions (Nijhuis, 2014). The fee-based approach defines pumping fees and restricts pumping. We can manage groundwater pumping for future uses by adopting fee-based measures that entail levying fees for groundwater pumping. The approach will enhance efficiency in consumption by mandating water users to pay for water on a full-cost recovery basis. Moreover, we can use tiered charges and water markets to enhance flexible and efficient consumption among large water users. Apparently, the fee-based measure will promote efficient water use in most areas facing excessive groundwater depletion thus enhancing sustainable groundwater pumping (Nelson, 2012). Additionally, an increase in irrigation costs and prices in areas relying on groundwater pumping enhances sustainability and resiliency. Indeed, this will motivate farmers to adopt water management mechanisms (Wichelns, 2010). As such, this fee-based measure will promote management and improvement of groundwater pumping in the agricultural sector thus conserving groundwater for future use. Water agencies can also relate water prices to the changes in groundwater levels, which will allow them to charge higher water prices during drought thus promoting efficient use (Wichelns, 2010). Water agencies can sue the fee-based measure to charge high water prices to new investments relying on groundwater, which would discourage increased dependence on groundwater pumping. These measures can help in managing groundwater pumping for the future, for purposes of sustainability and resiliency. Blanco, H. (2012). Water Supply Scarcity in Southern California: Assessing Water District Level Strategies. Retrieved from http://sustainablecities.usc.edu/quicklinks/H%20Blanco%20WSSC%20Exec%20Summary%2012%202012.pdf Nijhuis, M. (2014). Amid

Using cognitive learning theory to explain what is involved in Essay

Using cognitive learning theory to explain what is involved in learning in particular learning activity - Essay Example This paper briefly analyses the cognitive learning theory and various cognitive functions with respect to a learning activity; â€Å"using a computer application†. I960’s have witnessed the incorporation of cognitive skills to the learning theories. Edward Tolman was the first one who proposed the importance of cognitive functions in learning activities. Even though he was a behaviourist, he has given more preference to the internal mental phenomena and postulated that; Behavior should be studied at a local level; Learning can occur without reinforcement, Learning can occur without a change in behavior; Intervening variables must be considered; Behavior is purposive; Expectations of fact behavior; Learning results in an organized body of information (Cognitive Learning Theory, n.d) Gestalt psychology, Piagets developmental theory, Vygotskys developmental theory etc are some of the well known cognitive learning theories. Gestalt psychologist emphasized the importance of organizational processes of perception, learning, and problem solving. They believed that individuals were predisposed to organize information in particular ways Piaget considered people as active processors of information. In his opinion, knowledge can be described in terms of structures that change with development and cognitive development results from the interactions that children have with their physical and social environments. Vygotskys developmental theory emphasized the importance of social activities in mental development. He believed that children can often accomplish more difficult tasks when they have the assistance of other people more advanced and competent than themselves. (Cognitive Learning Theory, n.d) The propositional knowledge is the knowledge of facts that such and such is the case. For example, the knowledge that MS word is a product of Microsoft (which is evident from the name itself) is a propositional knowledge. Propositional

Blooms Taxonomy Pyramid Essay Example for Free

Blooms Taxonomy Pyramid Essay I Actually found one verb that was present on the planning pyramids unit planning form. Compare and contrast weather and erosion actually had the compare verb for the Blooms analyzing. The other verbs include: Remembering- rocks and basic components of a basic type that are of the earths surface. Understanding- the way the earth looked during the Ice Age, sudden change that occurred due to disasters, and weathering and erosion are forces that change the crust. Applying- geographic examples of how slow and fast changes Evaluating- how physical and chemical weathering is caused by humans The adaptions that are present on the planning pyramid form are thought through and planned out because it looks and seems like the teacher placed the four teaching strategies; content presentation, instructional grouping, provided practice, and progress monitoring that is listed int eh syllabus. It basically looks like the teacher is planning for a visit from a guest speaker to talk about volcanoes. I do feel like that this would definitely cover the instructional grouping and content presentation, and I believe that due to the fact that students will get to learn and talk to a person that has a great deal of knowledge about volcanoes and the erosion that it has done to the earth. I believe that provided practice is similar to the planning because the teacher is thinking and wanting to get rock samples, watch a erosion and weathering video, work with concept maps, and the teacher will also have student to write in a daily log what they learned on a day to day basis. The grouping teaching strategy is also an idea the teacher relates to because he or she wants the students to be in learning groups so that they can learn the textbook materials, and also have a buddy to help them study for pop up quizzes and tests. The progress motoring teaching strategy is also a good idea in what the teacher will use because he or she plans to have a vocabulary flash to help them review and have weekly quizzes and a unit test at the end to monitor his students.

The Role Of Hybridization In Speciation Biology Essay

The Role Of Hybridization In Speciation Biology Essay Charles Darwin had published, The origin of species by natural selection, using his lifes discoveries and analysis to define what a species is and how species originate follow through as a contentious debate especially in the study of evolutionary biology. The study of evolution helps us to understand what species are by loosely idealizing it as alien till one feeds on their hunger to gain knowledge about what has created the world and the extant and extinct varieties that have claimed it, including man. Many different species are discussed and debated continuously, with each one being weighed by pros and cons which can also be seen as the strong point to either validate the concept or a short -fall to nullify it. The most accepted definition of current is Mayrs biological species concept, according to Coyne Orr (2004) who have accepted nine species concepts (Claridge et al, 1997). Mayrss biological species concept places the evolution of complete reproductive isolation as the focal point of the process and nature of speciation (Mayr, 2002), the biological species concept was the solid basis of which he based his belief in gene flow being absent in some species, a decreased fitness level to certain hybrids. It is believed that the emergent species would infrequently form from the process in question according to Mayr (2002). Hybrid speciation implies that hybridization has had a principal role in the origin of a new species, hybrid species that have doubled their chromosome number (Mallet, 2007), the definition applies: 50% contributions from each derived species initially contain exactly one genome from each parent, although, in older polyploids, recombination and gene conversion may eventually lead to unequal contributions (Mallet, 2007). The factor which is critical in hybrid speciation is due to being reproductively isolated with a decreased fitness-level; therefore these progeny formed are of transitional then it is more likely to be more weakly reproductively isolated. Speciation can also be influenced by hybridization by the factor of reinforcement, this means that obstacles in reference to mating because of unfit hybrids being chosen, even-though progeny from this relationship does not form from the courtship, the scenario is questionable as to whether reinforcement can be looked at as hybrid spe ciation. An example of this that can be discussed is the diploid or triploid frog Rana esculenta which is complete heterozygous for Rana lessonae and Rana ridibunda genomes (Mallet, 2007; TunnerNopp, 1979). Poly-, Allopoly- and Homoploidy, is it all just about how you do It? Plants use the means of polyploid evolution; these species are reproductively isolated due to the process of mating with diploid mates which give rise to uneven ploidies of progeny like triploids. These progeny may be able to reproduce but these progeny would cease to exist due aneuploidy (Stebbins, 1971; Grant, 1981; Ramsey Schemske, 2002) polyploidy is a simple way of creating speciation. Bisexually polypoid speciation is highly prevalent in plants as compared to animals due to: plants usually have indeterminate growth and somatic chromosome doubling can lead to germline polyploidy, germline refers to the sex cells that an organism contains which is sperm, egg and pollen in plants. Plants are often perennial or temporarily clonal which allow multigenerational persistence of hybrid cells within which polyploid mutations occur; plants are more often hermaphrodites, in rare polyploids self-fertilization allows a means of sexual reproduction (Mallet, 2007). Gene flow is weaker in pla nts as compared to animals with local populations which have unusual ploidy ( Bullini, 1994; OttoWhitton, 2000; Astaurov, 1969). Speciation can occur by the process of duplication of chromosomes within a species or duplication of hybrids (Mallet, 2005) between an autopolyploidy and allopolyploidy, respectively. Allopolyploid speciation follows self-fertilization and gives rise to a tetraploid; this can be seen from studies on Primula kewensis which was a result of Primula verticillata and Primula floribunda which had cultivated diploid hybrids. Speculation had lead to the belief that fusion of unreduced gametes had caused this due to the failure in reduction divisions during meiosis. A triploid species, known to be sterile, may add to the production of tetraploids by progeny being back-crossing triploid gametes; this was used to produce the first bisexual self-sustaining animal in a laboratory which was a polypoid strain hybrid between silk moths: Bombyx mori and Bombyx mandarina (Astaurov.B.L, 1969; Mallet.J, 2005). Homoploid hybrid speciation is well known to angiosperms, also known as flowering plants. Speciation occurs by mean of sympatry, a hybridization which requires gene flow. This is hybrids need to overcome challenges such as chromosome and gene incompatabilies with the lack of reproductive isolation, this often renders the process unlikely. There are approximately twenty plant species which are known for being a good example of homoploids however, this plant is hardly detected due to prevalence. Helianthus anomalus, Helianthus deserticola and Helianthis paradoxus are the best documented desert sunflowers which come from hybrids between mesic-adapted Helianthus annuus and Helianthus petiolaris (Buerkle et al, 2000; Gross Rieseberg, 2005; Mallet, 2007). Synthetic hybrid populations are re-created; being similar to those of wild species due to selection continuously favors combinations of compatible chromosomal rearrangements. In Helianthus recombinant genotypes and spatial separation hav e enabled the hybrids to flourish where their parents are absent (Mallet, 2005). In animals, bisexual polyploids are often excluded, the homoploid hybrids are less prominent in animals yet there is no given reason. The number in animals is growing rapidly (Dowling Secor, 1997; Gross Rieseberg, 2005). A recent example is the invasive sculpin, a hybrid fish derived from the Scheldt River (compare Cottus perifretum) and upper tributaries of the Rhine (compare Cottus rhenanum) (Mallet, 2007). Upper river tributaries of Europe have normal conditions of clear, cold waters, which make them oxygen-rich, for Sculpins. Earlier canal building became connected and these are a result of The Rhine and Scheldt rivers, but invasive sculpins appeared in the warmer water and muddier lower Rhine only in the past fifteen years. Morphologically the invasive sculpin is intermediate and its mitochondrial DNA, as well as nuclear single nucleotide polymorphisms and microsatellites, are characteristic of b oth Scheldt and Rhine forms (Mallet, 2007; Nolte et al., 2005). This provides evidence of adaptive hybrid origin hence communicating that hybrids are displaying positive selective pressure. Hybrid speciation in the animal kingdom results thus far by data based on the respective genome. The disadvantages is that many homoploid hybrids fail to be present in the parent, secondly a decreased level of being reproductively isolated, however, contributing to maintaining or expanding ecologically with latest forms (Mallet, 2007). Importance of a future Innumerable discussions and journals of speciation have stressed the importance of reproductive compatabilities and isolation that occur due to physical and geological barriers; from this essay one can see that polyploidy is more dominant in plants but found to be rare in animals. Furthermore, at the root of many animal and plant groups ancient polyploidy has been found. Genome duplications probably facilitated the evolution of complex organisms (although this is debated) (Mallet, 2007; Otto Whitton, 2000), and we can infer that successful genome duplications were mostly allopolyploid, provided that limited plant community data are reliable (Grant, 1981; Brochman et al., 2004; Mallet, 2007). In my opinion, hybridization can be viewed as an effective catalyst for speciation to occur as it creates variation as in the case of the liger, apart from mutations, which according to the Molecular Clock hypothesis, occurs at a constant rate over time. The process of natural selection includes the need for gene variety which can then be complemented with hybridization also, the compatibility of species more suitably in more noticeably growing groups; suggesting that enough suspected animal homoploid hybrid species exist. A need for in depth genomic analyses is required, it is already possible for hybrid species, like the Helianthus, which can be developed and made accessible via the laboratory or grown naturally, making it hard to find another speciation mode documented historically and can be used experimentally easily. If hybrid species can adapt to survive, showing positive selection pressure, regardless of the challenges which are faced and to survive in competition with the parent organisms by completely new adaptations then will hybridization truly demonstrate the power of evolution through the years, starting a completely new train of thought which will spark more questions hence more research into this wide unknown. The ability of hybrid species to invade hitherto unoccupied niches also means that hybridization can contribute to adaptive radiations such as African cichlid fish and Darwins finches (Mallet, 2007). Humans have come up with uses of genetically modified crops and other ways in which to manipulate the gene and species of not only plants but animals too, therefore it can be said that Homo sapiens are in fact the invaders of Earth, not hybridization of species.

Facilitating Change in Health and Social Care Management

Facilitating Change in Health and Social Care Management Summary There needs to be a summary of the major points, conclusions, and recommendations. It needs to be short as it is a general overview of the report. Some people will read the summary and only skim the report, so make sure you include all the relevant information. It would be best to write this last so you will include everything, even the points that might be added at the last minute. Normally it start with past tense Introduction According to Kotter (1999), change management is a set of principles, techniques, and prescriptions embed to the human aspects of executing major change initiatives in organisational settings. It is strategic tool deploy by management to re-direct the use of resources, business process, budget allocations, or other modes of operation that radically reshape a company. The focus of this report is on Beacon Edge Care Home(BECH), a care home that provides support and care for 33 people with Dementia. An inspection was conducted on 21th and 22th of November 2016, and on the 13 of December 2016 unannounced by the Care Quality Commission (CQC) and the outcome of the inspection indicated that Beacon Edge Care Home has not made any improvement based on the recommendations of the first inspection conducted by CQC and the home does not have a registered manager on duty at the time of the inspection.   Regulatory body later found out that BECH does not even have a registered manager as stipula ted under Health and Social Care Act 2008 (Edwards, 2013). The Act indicated that it is mandatory that registered providers of care have a registered persons. A Registered person have legal responsibility for meeting the requirements under Health and Social Care Act 2008 and has the necessary qualifications, competence, skills and experience to supervise the management of the regulated activity (CQC, 2017). The researcher of this report will be the new manager of BECH and will be responsible for implementing change within the organisation.   The manager will need to identify and make required changes before the next inspection by CQC According to Kotter (1999), to implement change in an organisation, the firm have to understand their environment, their strengths and weaknesses and identify areas of improvement that could lead to change management. Hence, to gain a clearer of pictures of the problems facing Beacon Edge Care Home, the researcher will need to conduct a PEST analysis to identify the strength and weakness and areas of improveme nt of BECH. The key factors that can bring change in Beacon Edge Care Home management is be by conducting identifying the strength, weaknesses, areas of improvement as well as turning weaknesses to opportunities. The PEST Analysis and SWOT Analysis will be deployed as factors that can drive change in Beacon Edge Care Home. A PEST analysis is an analysis of the external macro-environment that affects all firms. It helps organisation to determine how political, economic, social and technology can impact the performance and activities of an organisation in the long-term (Daft, 2011). Political Factors Beacon Edge Care Home would assess the political factors affecting its organisation for failing to comply with regulatory bodies like Care Quality Commission. In the report, CQC indicated that their recommendations from the first visit was not implemented and BECH violated   health and safety Act 1974 by not having adequate   care plans and risk assessments to meet the individual needs of people who used their service   and medicines given to service users were poorly managed, hence people are placed at risk of not receiving their medicines as prescribed (Devorshak, 2012).BECH breaches different regulations in the BECH for not   providing adequate care for their service users. Person centred approach was not notable during the CQC visit, there was lack of good governance and staffing, servicers were given the wrong medicine and local health and social care professionals were concerned about the inconsistent of management team in the home. For the new manager to facilitate cha nge in the organisation, all regulatory bodies and environmental issues will need to evaluated and change to meet the needs of the service users. Economic Factors Beacon Edge Care Home should review their employment policies and ensure that it is in compliance with health and Social care requirement of employing candidate that have the right skill set needed in the establishment (Devorshak, 2012). The report indicated that service rendered by BECH to their clients was not adequate and staff lack the understanding and the requirements of the Mental Capacity Act 2005. Training and development strategy will need to be deployed by the new manager to continually improve the skill of the workforce. Social Factors The manager of Beacon Edge Care Home would need to conduct critical evaluation how the organisation meet the needs of the patients Beacon Edge Care Home. The gap in service delivery will enable the manager to understand the areas that need immediate change (Devorshak, 2012). The CQC report indicated that employees of the organisation have no idea how to meet the cultural and social needs of the patients Technology The new manager of Beacon Edge Care Home should investigate how technology can enhance the delivery of quality service to their patients. This can be conducted by looking at current quality cycle of the service provided and factor areas that will be easier to implement with the introduction of technology. SWOT Analysis SWOT Analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) is a strategic tool used by organisations to understand their strengths and weaknesses, and to identify their opportunities and threats (Rego and Nunes, 2010).Strengths and weaknesses analysis the internal structure of the organisation, while opportunities and threats generally relate to external factor that the business do have control of (Rego and Nunes, 2010).The researcher will focus on the internal structure of the Beacon Edge Care Home by looking at the strengths and weaknesses. Strengths The strength of Beacon Edge Care Home is the staff. People that were spoken during the inspection indicated that the staff were very caring, pleasant and helpful. Patients were comfortable with the staff as well as they find them very friendly helpful. Further, visitor to the home also indicated that the staff were excellent. The management is blessed with good staff. However, the management lack leadership and do not follow the regulatory bodies criteria especially noncompliance with Health and Social Care Act 2008. Weaknesses Beacon Edge Care Home lack leadership. CQC report on the inspection of BECH indicated that the care and service provided by the organisation is not fit for purpose. Confidential information is not kept secured and did not meet the requirements of the Data Protection Act 1998. There are catalogues of regulation breaches and there is was no registered person on the premises during the time of the inspection that can help the organisation to meet the requirement of different regulatory bodies. The two major weaknesses   are lack of leadership and skilled workers that understand the requirement of Data protection, Act, Health and Safety Act 1974 and the Mental Capacity Act 2005. The new managers will need to evaluate the weaknesses of the organisations such noncompliance with regulations bodies, lack of leadership and lack of training for the employees in order to implement changes in the organisation. The home has good and dedicated staff, Beacon Edge Care Home can tap into by providing leadership, firstly getting a registered person on board and providing training and development for existing staff as well as employing staff with key skills to fill the gaps identified. Opportunities The new managers can help to turn things around in the organisation. There is opportunity to recruit and train existing staff on different requirements associated with health and social care The report by CQC on BECH highlighted most of issues the company need to resolve and this   presents the opportunity for BECH to implement these changes in order to improve their rating   health and social care rating,  Ã‚   customers satisfaction, staff satisfaction and other stakeholders 1.2 The challenges that key factors of change bring to health and social care services Business organisations are faced with different challenges. The health and social care organisations are not immune from these challenges as well. The critical evaluation of the Care Quality Commission report on Beacon Edge Care Home clearly shows that the organisation is faced with various challenges such as: Lack of management support Financial resources Equipment Lack of leadership, Training and development for employee Shortage of staff with key skills, Maintaining quality Effective use of resources Noncompliance with different regulatory bodies. Lack of communication and coordination To implement change, Beacon Edge Care Home must address these issues. 1.2.1 Lack of leadership The CQS report on the home shows that the organisation lack leadership. Daft (2011) describe leadership as individual that have the ability to inspire, mobilise and encourage people to achieve the goals of an organisation. A leader has to be organised, have the ability to delegate task and ensure that all the arms of the business is consistent with all the goals of the organisation. Beacon Edge Care Home lack leadership that is organised, coherent and the ability to inspire staff to meet the objectives of the home (Edwards, 2013). For instance, there was no registered manager on duty during the inspection and no senior management oversight to help ensure effective quality monitoring and improvements were carried out.   The management of Beacon Edge Care Home would need to employ a registered manager according to the Health and Social Care Act 2008. Registered persons have legal responsibility for meeting the requirements in the Health and Social Care Act 2008 and associated Regulat ions about how the service is run. 1.2.2 Lack of management support Change is hard to implement without the support of the management. Shore (2012) suggested that management should be in the forefront of supporting desirable change because such change will increase the profitability of the company. It is obvious from the case study that the management of BECH is in shambles and the management do not have an idea of what is needed to improve the delivery of their services to their patients. This is one   of the main challenges facing the organisation. The managers must employ a democratic leadership that will enable all employees to cultivate a culture of quality assurance in order for BECH to meet the regulatory bodies requirement and to effectively meet the needs of their service user. 1.2.3 Financial Resources The process of implementing change in an organisation can be affected with lack of financial resources.   Financial resources maybe recruiting top notch manager, training employee to meet the expectation of customers or fund to acquire new equipment.   In the case of BECH, the business is faced with different problems and financial constraints maybe one of them. It could be the reason why the company did not employ competent and skilled workforce for effective management of their operations and services. 1.2.4 Lack of communication and coordination Communication at Beacon Edge Care Home was ineffective, wrong drugs are given to patients, staff are not clear on their roles and management Care plans were not focused on upon individual preferences, choices, needs and abilities, in addition, patients received inconsistent care because staff focused on tasks rather than supporting people with their individual needs and preferences. The roles of individual staff need to be defined and the quality of their work would need to be monitor by their supervisor. Supervisor should schedule meetings with staff on a regular basis to communicate what need to be achieved and the approaches staff need to deployed to achieve those goals. 2.1 In relation to the CQC report on Beacon Edge Care Home, the strategy and criteria for measuring recent changes in health and social care have to be effective and efficient.   Hence, it is essential to set up a system that will allow the organisation to know the changes made will work, how to know changes that resulted in improvement and which changes is most vital and have resulted in the most significant improvement. Thus, by collecting data before, during, and after the change have been implemented, Beacon Edge Care Home can measure, evaluate, and compare their home progress with respect to the goals set out. The process of measuring changes should be simple to implement and have immediate impact. Based on these facts, the researcher decided to deploy the use of questionnaires and surveys, interview with service users and employees and discussion with other stakeholders to measure improvement in the services provided by Beacon Edge Care Home. According to Davis (2010), criteria is a standard set by organisation as target that is decided upon.   Setting criteria will enable Beacon Edge Care Home to identify areas that needed improvement and base line for measurement. The Home will need to consider the new and previous recommendations made by CQC which that services provided by the Home have to be effective, responsive, safe, well-led and caring in order to meet the expectations of their service users. A strategy is the direction and scope of an organisation over the long-term: which achieves advantage for the organisation through its configuration of resources within a challenging environment, to meet the needs of markets and to fulfil stakeholder expectations. The plan for strategic and measurement will need to address the factors identified by the CQO in the report and to meet the criteria of the Health and Safety Act 2008. Questionnaire is a qualitative method that can be used to   measure gather information from service user about effectiveness of the service provided. According to Creswell (2014), questionnaire is a research instrument with a written set of questions given to people to collect facts or opinions about a study. It a relatively cheaper and efficient way of collecting large amounts of information a sample of people. In the case, the questionnaire will be design to rate the effectiveness of the service provided, if the staff are responsive and caring, also if the Home conduct risk assessment on their patients and their environment. This will provide a compressive idea of the changes that have been implemented is effective and improve the level of service to the stakeholders. Questionnaire is an effective instrument because it will provide management fast result and it can be easily quantified. It can be used to measure customer or staff satisfaction. Interview is a qualitative approach of gathering information from participants. Interviewing involves asking questions and getting answers from participants in a study.   Interviewing has a variety of forms including: individual, face-to-face interviews and face-to-face group interviewing.   The asking and answering of questions can be mediated by the telephone or other electronic devices (e.g. computer (Wiley, 2014). Interviews can be structured, semi-structure or unstructured. The use of interview techniques at Beacon Edge Care Home to collate data from patients and other stakeholders will provide an insight into the quality of service rendered by the organisation. This can be a semi structured interview by asking patients about specific question about the quality of service and the organisation is meeting their needs in terms of caring, responsive and effective. These approaches and strategies will enable the management of Beacon Edge Care Home to measure the effectiveness of the changes made to meet the criteria of the CQO. CQC drives improvement in the quality of health and social care services. It regulates against the registration requirements set out in regulations to the 2008 Act. These are the essential standards of quality and safety that providers are legally required to meet. These standards therefore represent the minimum quality bar which all providers of regulated activities must meet and should not dip below. 2.2 Measuring the impact of recent changes on health and social care services against set criteria Creswell (2014) defined data collection as the process of gathering and measuring information on variables of interest, in an established systematic fashion that enables one to answer stated research questions, test hypotheses, and evaluate outcomes. In the case of Beacon Edge Care Home, compliance and adherence report, employee engagement and participation, Issue, compliance and error logs, observation of behaviour change, employee feedbacks and employee readiness assessment results were used to measure the recent changes against the set criteria.   Observation of employee engagement with service users, issue, compliance and error logs as well as the employee feedbacks provided crucial information about the changes made at Beacon Edge Care Home against the recommendations made by the CQO. The changes ade by the manager of BECH has enhanced the communication between care workers and service user, improved the provision of person centred care, the management if medicine which was a major problem before and effective care home engagement to ensure that patients are not exposed to any hazard or risk that may cause them harm. 2.3 The overall impact of recent changes in health and social care The recent changes made by the manager and management has improved the quality of service provided by by Beacon Edge Care Home. The appointment of a registered person that understand the criterias and codes of conduct of health and social care, enabled the organisation to comply with various regulations and legislations. For instance, a competent and qualified person was assigned by the manager to monitor and measure health and safety procedures in the organisation. This include conducting risk assessment, reports of incident, communicating changes in operational model to management etc. The registered person on the other hand ensured that training and development are provided for employees, observation conducted to ensure staff are effective and responsive on delivering their duties and survey on patients to measure their level of satisfaction. In most organisation, changing the ways of doing things can either lead to positive or negative outcome. However, the most essential is to h ave management that is open to change and not afraid to implement new approaches. Hence, Beacon Edge Care Home need to continuously monitor and measure the changes that have just been implemented and also look for areas of improvement to in order to meet the ever-changing needs of their service users (Shore, 2012). 2.4 Propose appropriate service responses to recent changes in health and social care services There many approaches and techniques BECH can deployed to response to recent changes in health and social care services The Care Act 2014 underpin the way people receive care and provide a vehicle to communicate changes health and social care services. Regarding BECH, the management can response to recent changes in health and social care services through the following: Training: The case study highlighted BECH lack skilled employees that understand the regulatory requirement of working in health and social care organisation. This will need to be addressed either by employing skilled workers or providing training for old workforce to gain the competency of needed to be a care worker. Compliance with different regulatory bodies requirements: There were different breaches of regulations during the inspection by CQO. For instance, confidential data were not kept secured (Data Act violation), Health and Safety of service user and staff did not comply with the requirement of Mental Capacity Act 2005. The new registered person or manager has to ensure that the cultivate a culture of quality management and effective communication of different policies, procedure and regulations of health and social care to the workforce Continuous quality improvement of services rendered by the organisation: BECH should continue toi improve the level of their service delivery through the quality management tools like Kaizen quality control or quality cycle of Deming. According to Coy and Adams (2012) quality Management tools help organisation collect and analyse data for employees to easily understand and interpret information. Quality Management models require extensive planning and collecting relevant information about end-users. Customer feedbacks and expectations need to be carefully monitored and evaluated to deliver superior quality products. By embracing this approach, BECH, management will be able to meet and exceed the expectations of their service users. Embrace current best practice to treating people and supporting the specialist needs of people living with dementia:BECH provides care and home for people with dementia. It is essential the company lassie with other service providers, professional sand specialist in the field of providing care for people with dementia in order to provide appropriate and adequate service to their clients. Monitoring and managing medicines administered in the way that meet the requirement of the regulatory body: To meet the requirement of Mental Capacity Act 2005, the manager BECH have to monitor and manage the way drugs are administered to their patients. This was one of the findings in the inspection by CQO, patients were given the wrong drugs which can make their situation worse. 3.1 The key principles of change management In the todays business environment, change is inevitable and understanding the principles of change is equally vital. There different principles of change that Beacon Edge Care Home can deploy to meet the expectations of their service users and the objectives of the organisation. John M Fisher and John Kotter are change management theories that have made significant contribution to the subject. Others are Kurt Lewins change management model, Burke-Lewins causal change model; action research; gap analysis and Kà ¼bler Ross transition cycle. The researcher will focus on John Kotters Change Model that consist of eight stages. 3.1.1Establish a sense of urgency: Beacon Edge Care Home need to implement change immediately to meet the criteria and recommendations of the CQO 3.1.2 Form a powerful guiding coalition: The organisation need to employ a registered manager that will help coordinate the process to meet the recommendations set on the report about the Home. 3.1.3Create a clear vision; The manager and management have to set a clear vision on what they need to achieve and the changes that need to be made for the survival of the business. 3.1.4 Communicate the vision; The objectives will need to be communicated to the employees and other stakeholders. 3.1.5 Empower others to act on the vision: Training and development for employees, recruitment of skilled specialist is crucial to meet the vison set for change. 3.1.6 Plan and create short-term wins: The plan to me measurable in short term and long term to know if the changes implemented is working. 3.1.7 Consolidate improvements and produce still more change: Need to conduct survey, questionnaires and interview to measure improvement and benchmark the process in order to continuously improve the quality of the service delivery. 3.7.1 Institutionalise new approaches: After measurement of the impact of change and improvement, areas with positive outcomes and improve should be institutionalised. 3.2 How changes in health and social care are planned There are different approaches and techniques that can be deployed in health and social care setting to manage and plan change. However, it is essential to identify areas that needs change and improvement. Regarding Beacon Edge Care Home, the areas that need change and effective planning are the management style, Staff development needs, communication channel and reconditioning. In addition, changes in health and social care   have to consider the local authority, CCG, community needs, quality of care and finance available to BECH before planning can commerce. 3.2.1 Management style is the principles that underline the methods, abilities and techniques managers use in handling situations and expressing leadership within an organisation (Moss and Moss, 2012). The report on the services rendered by Beacon Edge Care Home by CQO was classified as been ineffective, unresponsive, unsafe and not well managed. The management style deploy by the organisation is not meet the needs of the service users and the goals of the Home.   The report indicated that employees do not have an understanding of their roles and duties, hence, the management are communicating with staff about what is expected of them. By embracing a paternalistic style of working the manager decide what is best for the employees as well as the organization. The policies are devised to benefit the employees and the organization. In addition, employee play a part in the decision making and roles and duties of individual staff are communicated to them. By deploying management style, employees would feel attached and loyal to the organisation. 3.2.2 Staff development needs is essential to meet the needs of the service users, in the report, CQO indicated that staff lack the essential training to be a mental nurse. And there were breaches of regulation in relation to person centred care, safe care and treatment, safeguarding service users from abuse and improper treatment, meeting nutritional and hydration needs, good governance and staffing. Lack of staff development through training has led to the health care provider providing inadequate care. There was also lack of effective communication channel between the management and employees which made it difficult for staff to understand their roles and duties in the establishment.   By investing in training and development, staff will be able to acquire the necessarily skills to conduct their duties appropriately and effectively. 3.2.3 Reconditioning refers to an organisation restructuring their goals and objectives to meet the criteria and regulations of sector they operate (Moosavi, 2009). Beacon Edge Care Home clearly deviated from the codes of conduct of health and social care and the criteria of the CQO. Reconditioning will enable the organisation to evaluate the regulations and legislation they have to adhere to meet the criteria of CQO in order to meet the expectations of their service users. 3.3 Monitoring recent changes in health and social care services Effective monitoring of change in the health and social care involves the systematic and analyse of information collected to measure change and meet objectives and help management to make informed decisions (Haluza and Jungwirth, 2016). The monitoring process comprises of internal and external analysis to measure changes. Internal analysis will usually involve supervisors, managers, clinical audit team, team leaders or a registered person. While, external monitoring comprises of CQC, CCGs, Monitor, Audit Commission and Health inspectors. Monitoring is essential in an organisation because it helps to track implementation and outputs systematically, and measure the effectiveness of programmes. It helps determine exactly when a programme is on track and when changes may be needed (Haluza and Jungwirth, 2016). There are various approaches Beacon Edge Care Home can embed to monitor the impact of change in the organisation, some of the techniques are reviewing the service delivery, supervi sion, shadowing, observation, audits, feedbacks, interviews and questionnaires. References Creswell, J. (2014). Research design. 1st ed. Los Angeles: SAGE Publications. Daft, R. (2011). Leadership. 1st ed. [S.l.]: South Western Cengage learning. Devorshak, C. (2012). Plant pest risk analysis. 1st ed. Cambridge, MA: Cabi. Edwards, N. (2013). Implementation of the Health and Social Care Act. BMJ, 346(apr03 1), pp.f2090-f2090. Green, G. (2002). Training and development. 1st ed. Oxford, U.K.: Capstone Pub. Haluza, D. and Jungwirth, D. (2016). ICT and the future of healthcare: Aspects of pervasive health monitoring. Informatics for Health and Social Care, pp.1-11. Kotter, J. (1999). John P. Kotter on what leaders really do. 1st ed. Boston: Harvard Business School Press. Moosavi, S. (2009). Restructure Conflicting Grant Incentives. Science, 326(5952), pp.521-521. Moss, B. and Moss, B. (2012). Communication skills in health and social care. 1st ed. London: SAGE. Rego, G. and Nunes, R. (2010). Hospital Foundation: A SWOT Analysis. iBusiness, 02(03), pp.210-217. Shore, D. (2012). Forces of change. 1st ed. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Wiley, N. (2014). Interviewing Herbert Blumer. Symbolic Interaction, 37(2), pp.300-308.

Enhancing Positive Thinking Essay -- Social Work

This research will include a pilot intervention program called Think Positive-Live Positive (TPLP), for young teens alongside with parental involvement, which will use cognitive behavioral techniques to teach children to identify the negative aspects of various situations and adjust successfully. The aim will be to help children modify their thoughts, focus on the positive perspectives of each event, and cope with negativity using positive and adaptable solutions. In addition, the intervention program will teach parents how to interact better with their children, and aims to make them good and understanding coaches. To measure children’s positivity, and negativity, the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) will be used ahead of the intervention and at the end to compare results. The theoretical and CBT activities that this intervention program will use are from a research based self-help book â€Å"What to Do When You Grumble Too Much - A Kid's Guide to Overcoming Neg ativity† by Huebner (PhD). Additional CBT exercises will be used for more results input and for children to gain a better understanding of the learned skills. The purpose of this intervention is to investigate whether the children and parents participating will enjoy, meaningfully discuss amongst them, and understand how to use these skills to help them. In this pilot intervention, three children (11-13 year-old) and one or both parents of each child will voluntary participate in a 6 hourly TPLP intervention sessions, 2 times per week, over a period of 4 weeks. The sessions will include PowerPoint presentations with audio and vivid illustrations, interactive and guided exercises, discussions and practice using the learned skills. Considering today's fast moving li... ...nal of Excellence, 7, 54-66. Gillham, J.E, & Reivich, K.J. (2007). The Penn Resiliency Program Curriculum. University of Pennsylvania. Huebner, D. (2007). What to Do When You Grumble Too Much - A Kid's Guide to Overcoming Negativity. Washington, DC: Magnitation press. Orlick, T. (2001). Nurturing positive-living skills for children: Feeding the heart and soul of humanity. Journal of Excellence. Partridge & Orlick (2008). Positive Living Skills for Teenagers: A Youth Intervention. Journal of Performance Education. Steinberg, L. (2001). We know some things: Parent-adolescent relations in retrospect and prospect. Journal of Research in Adolescence, 11(1), 1-19. Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988b). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS Scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 47, 1063–1070.

Cloning is Bad! :: essays research papers

   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The coelacanth is an amazing creature full of mystery and exciting discoveries. It was once thought to be extinct for more than360 milllion years ago until one was caught in1938.Its scientific name is Latimeria chalumnae .An adult coelacanth can grow at least to 180 cm in length and weigh 98 kg and each fish has a distinctive pattern of pinkish white blotches that enables scientists to separate one individual from another. The coelacanth has several very recognizable anatomical features.The skull is in two parts with an intra cranial joint which lets it go an up and down movement between them. A strong pair of muscles beneath the skull-base lowers the front half of the skull, giving the coelacanth a powerful bite .The eyes and olfactory organs are in the front part of the skull, and tiny brain and inner ear are in the rear.In the middle of the snout is a large pit filled with a jelly-like sac that opens to the outside through three pores.This sac is called the rostral organ .It may be used to detect weak electric currents and help the coelacanth to find hidden prey. The fins Coelacanths belong to a group of bony lobe-finned fishes and have 8 fins (2 dorsals, 2 pectorals, 2 pelvics, 1 anal and 1 caudal). The first dorsal fin of the coelacanth is much like that of other fishes and can be folded down or erected. The other fins have a well-developed, muscular, limb-like basal lobe projecting from the body wall, and a fringe of unbranched rays like a fan attached to the outer end of the base. The fleshy scale - covered lobe can be bent or rotated so that each fin can work like a paddle or sculling oar. The tailhas three divisions: a characteristic small projecting middle lobe between the longer upper and lower lobes of the fin. The skeleton Most of the skeleton is made of cartilage. In place of the vertebral column, a large notochord extends from the skull to the tip of the caudal fin. The notochord is a thick-walled cartilaginous tube filled with oil-like fluid which is under slight pressure; it is tough and elastic and does the job of a backbone, since no complete vertebrae are developed around it. The scales The body is covered with hard scales with small toothy-like growths called denticles on the outer surface which protect the coelacanth from the rocks and predators. The swimbladder

Brian Mulroney tied Canada closer to the United States Essay

As the leader of the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada, he developed a close relationship with U.S President Ronald Regan; both men shared a similar conservative philosophy. As Canada’s Prime Minister, Mulroney sought closer ties with the United States, on issues such as trade policies and North American Aerospace Defence Command system (NORAD). During the Mulroney era, Canada saw drastic changes in economy and foreign policies; at the same time Canada gained closer ties with the United States during his time in office. Some of his notable actions during his time in office include the involvement of Canada in the SDI and NORAD during the Cold War; furthermore, Mulroney made Canada part of the Free Trade Agreement with the United States. It is evident that some of Brian Mulroney’s decisions during his time as Prime Minister are somewhat controversial; however, there is no denial that Mulroney had brought Canada to a closer cooperation with the United States, â€Å"becoming the first Prime Minister of Canada who did not see United States as a threat to Canadian nationhood.† One general concern for Canada during the election year of 1984 was that many Canadians wanted Mulroney to achieve harmony between Canada and United States. At the â€Å"Shamrock Summit† of 1985 in Quebec City, Mulroney and his wife Mila Mulroney joined U.S President Ronald Reagan in singing â€Å"When Irish Eyes are smiling.† It was meant to symbolize a new era of Canadian- American harmony after years of liberal prickliness. However, many Canadians were reticent with the direction Mulroney was leading this country, as many believed Mulroney was immensely pro-American. Back in  1973, the government under the control of Pierre Trudeau had formed the Foreign Investment Review Agency (FIRA); its purpose was to block any foreign investment seemed not to be in Canada’s interest. As Mulroney came to office in 1985, he dismantled the FIRA and replaced it with Investment Canada, a new system which he believed would encourage suitable foreign investment. FIRA was criticized by those who concerned about American economic influence, since it almost approved every application it received. At the time, in some industries, such as the petroleum and rubber products industries, foreign control exceeded ninety per cent. Over three-fourths of this control was held by United Sates investors.6 These new and old policies brought better and higher rate of business income between Canada and the United Sates, which resulted in closer ties between the two countries. In 1987, Mulroney opened up negotiations that would eventually lead to the Free Trade Agreement (FTA) between Canada and United States. The FTA was signed on October 4th, 1987 in hopes of improving trade transactions between the two countries (see fig2). Fig. 2. President Ronald Reagan (left) signing the FTA with Canadian Prime Minister Brian Mulroney (right)7 In the FTA, all tariffs on goods crossing the border were removed, and at the same time, opened Canada to U.S investment and vice versa. As suspected, the free trade issue was highly controversial among Canadians. Some Canadian businesses could not compete against U.S corporations, for these corporations were able to flood the Canadian market with cheap goods and services, resulting in the loss of hundreds of thousands of jobs in Canada. However, there was no denial that by eliminating tariffs, Canada would attract more U.S. investment. This helped Canadian industry grow and benefit the whole economy. Furthermore, free trade also allowed access to the larger U.S market, which would increase Canada’s productivity and growth. During the cold war era, In order to defend North America against possible enemy attacks, Canada agreed to join the NORAD system, a joint air-defence system that would overlook soviet bombers in case of long distance attacks. On 19 March 1986, Mulroney and Regan sign the NORAD renewal agreement (see fig3); Fig. 3. Brian Mulroney (left) discussing the agreement with Michael Wilson (right) in the PM’s office in 19858 it officially became effective on 12 may 1986. This is not only a sign of military cooperation, but at the same time it shows Canada’s commitment in supporting Unites States during the Cold War. As Canada slowing became more involved during the cold war, this was sign that Canada had slowly risen up in terms of political and military stability on an international level.9 Furthermore Mulroney and successfully pulled in United States as one of Canada’s ally years to come; Mulroney not only connect Canada and U.S through controls of economy, but his wartime actions had also proved this close tie Canada and U.S had gained during Mulroney’s time in office. In retrospect, it is indisputable Mulroney’s time as the Prime Minister of Canada had linked Canada and Untied States as close ally for generations to come. Connecting the two countries through reformation of economy and involvement in the Cold War; it is clear, despite the fact Canadians believed Mulroney was pro-American, the undeniable fact that he’s policies regarding the economy of Canada not only brought greater transaction between the two countries, at the same time it brought hundreds of thousands of people out of unemployment.10 Furthermore, his signing of multiple agreements such as the NORAD agreements during the cold war with U.S brought military cooperation between two nations brought new heights in collegial ties. As an respected international figure, one probably more at ease abroad than at home, his government’s policies and prospects were the cornerstones of Canada and United States close ties in 1980s, his actions brought close international rel ationship between the two nations for years to come. Works Cited 7th Floor Media. â€Å"The Prime Ministers of Canada – Brian Mulroney Issues.† The Prime Ministers of Canada – Brian Mulroney Issues. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 July 2014. . Badeaux, Guy , Mike Duffy, and Charles Gordon. Portfoolio ’88: the year in Canadian caricature. MontreÃŒ al: Eden Press, 1988. Print. Bothwell, Robert, Ian M. Drummond, and John English. Canada since 1945: power, politics, and provincialism. Rev. ed. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1989. Print. Brennan, Richard. â€Å"Good U.S. relations worth ‘weight in gold,’ Mulroney says | Toronto Star.† thestar.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 July 2014.