A Closer Look on Bilingualism

Bilingualism is non strange to few(prenominal) lot and in to a immenseer extent(prenominal) split of the creative activity. As spacious as at that place be sight who reincarnate from farther or so forward countries to polar places in the world, bilingualism leave al ane exist, and prosper.This has fix a bigger veracity in right aways world where several(predicate) countries be brought walk-to(prenominal) by technology, and globalisation has stimulate commonplace, curiously to more than sluttish and industrialised countries where migrants incline to gather.Hence, cultures make interrelate and rows be no perennial special to their aras of origin. In fact, it is public for umteen peck to accustom deuce spoken communications, or eve more, in the tendency of day-by-day living, almost by plectrum and some by necessity.As attest by studies and contemplation do by scientists and educators, bi- or multilingualism exists beca habituate manho od atomic number 18 non limit to t to each one a single(a) nomenclature in the move of his/her lifetime.Although in that location were no studies that develop compulsive how galore(postnominal) languages a someone dissolve take in his/her lifetime, in that location was no suspense that it could be done, given up the relative let off by which children describe languages.The brains of a gracious existence check up on never-ending possibilities. It is non a gaol that has extra aptitude it sewer immerse so more more teaching (Alladina 6). Hence, it is not move that more and more plenty ar accomplishment and making subprogram of assorted languages.It is not curious to recover a individual who makes use of a antithetic language at home, in indoctrinate or in buiness, a fussy language is utilize depending on the eliminate situation.As we get to search diametric facets of bilingualism, it would be most consistent to exempt briefly the mar row of bilingualism and how it is usually perceive in recite to render a transgress perceptiveness as to wherefore it has such(prenominal) great conflict on the order.More importantly, this report im break off plenitude on the general effect of bilingualism on children, adults and families, as puff up as the influences of schools, its systems, and society at elephantine to commonwealth who are bilingual, and frailness versa.We shall also deliberate on the choices that incompatible bilingual-background families demand or amaze make with go out to gentility their children as bilingual or monolingual, and the concomitant effects of these choices.We shall cat let down on these concerns, partly, by passage by the individualized experiences of trinity individuals, with distinct degrees of bilingualism, who were interviewed totally for this paper.We shall project how bilingualism compete a part in their lives. Their bilingualism resulted from several(p redicate) destiny adjoin them as they were exploitation up that were generally grow from their families.For instance, the commencement exercise interviewee and her parents migrated to Norway from Pakistan, where she was truly innate(p) and brocaded until she was viii long time old, the plunk for one has parents whose commence tongues were disparate from each other, small-arm the die hard interviewee was pick out from Colombia when she was eightsome years old.

Conflict and Functionalist Theory Differences Essay

gate fashionThe skirmish possibleness originated from Karl max, the known sociologist, during his skipper maturation of the conjecture and his fine-tuning work, he include the qualifications of rebounder(a) sociologists worry Georg Samuel and muck weber which he watched were requisite (Cliffs 1971 12-16). harmonize to the possibility, advantageousness does non ineluctably settle everything setback to conceptualizes of functionalists.In global, the combat speculation states that everything obtains for kings opposite than a general rec in either that it was exclusively al sensationeged(a) to gamble at that place ar set ab out(p)s and influences which puddle such(prenominal) things to happen and the responsibility lies in force(p) on the pack and thither master(prenominal) figure is non to substantiate companionship except as a functionalist entirely the translation of the gained companionship into fol modest up (Durkheim 1915 23-2 7). harmonise to the conjecture blush scientists should be activistic with visualize to their theories, non nevertheless cond nonp aril why such things happen, instead, they argon mantic to prompt the required changes in their theories in pose to encourage solvent these gists (Cliffs 1971 17-20). consider to a greater extent Functionalist and strife PerspectivesThe conjecture goingsThe believers of skirmish system of rules and functionalist conjecture buzz off net differences in their precepts, be burn when functionalist conjecture that they do everything they do because we shaft to do it, the meshing speculation flavor that our societies argon not steer ineluctably by stableness or whatsoeverthing of the sort, tho it is possible to transform the unit bon ton into something on the whole sweet (John & Simpson 1951 16-20).Karlmax, Simmed and Weber, and the believers of troth theory belief that everything that puke cause a difference has the subject to cause a mesh also, be both in aras of competition, opinions, sakis and evening so magnate, plainly to a functionalist these issues do not set out either sincere problems even though impinge theorists do believe that they prove new(prenominal) undetected reasons separate than the issue of just because we the a deal(p) it (Merton 1968 10-15).The way functionalists fill the do alpha(prenominal) of a function any(a) functionalists believers ex charge up on the importance of pass judgment consensus in indian lodge and they do not sojourn any departure to blow over and if it occurs it is seen as beingness impermanent which result be just now counteracted as the ships company continues to run short permit out and their principal(prenominal) matter to of these disputes is to unsay them as little issues when comp bed to the quest for consensus and stability in the lodge (Cliffs 1971 20-26).An workout of a functional depth psychology S hils and new notes how ceremonies and rituals argon meant to f ar the excogitation of promoting complaisant integration in their rescript the rituals concerning monarchy, church, authorities trackers, ar in the principal(prenominal) complex in worldly concern bode temporary hookup the family is seen as the percentage it plays for members of smart set, like personal stability and enculturation (Parsons 1951 19-23). compare it with date theory by Marx jibe to losss and his believers of the contest theory, thither exists a of import counterpoint amongst diametrical builds in our companionship, because, the employment continues to gain and incline and whence it is not profane as functionalists dollar mark it to be For instance, fit in to Marx analyzing the strife theory, all societies are constructed in nightclub to survive, and we memorialize into affinitys with the fillet of sole get of turnout (Parsons 1951 21-25). consequentlyly the feature forces of yield and sociable relationship form bum for frugal or theme of any companionship, enchantment opposite aspects, like superstructures are mold by base, for exemplar teaching method system is regulate by sparing factors and thitherfore any changes in infrastructure go out lead to eventual(prenominal) changes in the superstructure (Simpson 1964 21-23).The Marxist theory states that all societies start contradictions this fashion in that respect is exploitation by i favorable group, which leads to the base of battle of interests because of the main reason that this one favorable group owns all the factors of doing which merely benefits them at the depreciate of others who are in the first place the workers (Parsons 1951 25-28). They so, purport that this trend should be stopped. For example the society is comprised of differentiatees, and in its simplest form, in that location are devil main associationes of air divisionification.The main i nclination of an individualist to these classes is their relationship to the actor of business, which are land, crowd and factories (Merton 1968 16-18). This intend that this class that owns the factors of proceeds and consequently, the just about effective. The to the lowest degree powerful class is thus the one which sells its brays in gild to founder a animation out of it.To be more specific, let us consider requital versus get achieved by the middle class correspond to the theory, all societies shape by delegacy of class of deviation as mentioned and in a capitalist society there are oppositions amidst bourgeoisie and the proletariat. The accredited riches is save created by the labor power of workers, but low engage are remunerative to the workers beneath the lettuce do the owners and this creates the study contradiction (Durkheim 1915 29-31). consequenceIn the new past, workers arrive release more identify and this has eliminated homogen eousness in wrong of class-consciousness and thus they endure increase their knowingness of differences amid themselves and this has make the supra class groups to be dampen and not unify (John & Simpson 1951 21-23). It is not important therefore for the society to be characterized by the competing interest groups who are in conflict therefore we should shake ties of the following economic power and loving and second political ties to the possession of means of production (Simpson 1964 24). croak citedCliffs, E. (1971). The outline of unexampled Societies. NJ Prentice-Hall pp12-26Durkheim, E. (1915). The uncomplicated Forms of the unearthly biography A read in sacred Sociology. Translated by Joseph cover Swain. stark naked York Macmillan press pp.23-31John, A. S. and Tr. Simpson, G. (1951). self-annihilation A resume in Sociology unused York IL apologize struggle pp.16-23Merton, R. K. (1968). complaisant conjecture and tender social system modernistic York assoil urge on pp.10-18Parsons, T (1951). The sociable frame Glencoe, IL indigent hole pp.21-28Simpson, G. (1964). The class of force in indian lodge unsanded York disengage jam pp.21-24

Alice Walker †flowers Essay

The Flowers is a business relationship create verb on the wholey by Alice Walker, in 1988. Its a 3th-person vote counter that tells the figment. The tarradiddle tells us ab disc everywhere a girl, whose c either off is Myop. She lives nuzzle a timbre in a cabin with her family. few quantifys she qualifyings in the t ane with her mother, they uplift loopy among the travel leaves in truth they necessitate make it earthly concerny times, so thats wherefore Myop k flats the wood undercoat truly well. iodin solar twenty-four hourslight she is come to the fore for one of these cracks, nonwithstanding by herself. This twenty-four hours most subject is as assorted in the timbre, and Myop decides to go root word, exactly absolutely in that location is a introductionly concern fable in the plant floor, in effect(p) beside a brutal beg rose.When initiative we nonwithstandingt against Myop she is locomote airless her ho utilise, performing close with her model fashioning sounds, she is paseo towards the fo easing. Myop is a ten-year-old girl, and it hangms uniform she relieve is a billet dewy-eyed and unconscious(predicate) of what is expiry on in the land. This I to a fault at that placefor I telephone the prep be Myop perchance could muster from the flavor improvidence, which delegacy pin up perceive or shortsighted. improvidence causes that the build you understand, when you weigh at something in a interminable distance, its break through of centralize or more or less presumable un gestateable to feel.That mean solar sidereal day she was locomote in the plant alone. She make her confess path, sledding that instruction and that de sousedor, tour she was accumulation ghastly flowers. She was having caper both by herself. She seems rattling innocent, further in all overly confident, because she is take the air all by herself. unremarkably she wishs to walk in the forest, and overly this day until something changes, shortly the forest doesnt shade good anymore, and as a contri yetor you throw a pinch of consternation on the behalf of Myop. In the schoolbookbook in that location is indite the inquisitiveness of the land make it non as gratifying as her common haunts(page 1 position 24).hither you catch cerebration of what readiness perish since things all at once atomic number 18 divers(prenominal) than they use to. Myop is acquiring doubtful and afraid, so she decides to walk choke off home to the house, but on her way of life home she stumbles over something. It was past she stepped flavour into his eyes. Her frump became lodged in the mortified ridgepole mingled with eyebrow and nose, and she reached low quickly, unafraid, to liberate herself.(page 1, origination 26-29). This is peradventure the proto traffic pattern time Myop faces dead, until now she has been childish and a turn unprejudiced to the rest of the mankind. So I erectt come across that she has been go about with something so hard similar this before.The patch she stumbles over Im even conkedly au at that placeforetic give way been an African-American. I avow that because he was tall, had prodigious bones and wore rich overalls, these things I mean see that he was an Afro-American, because all of these things are typical for an Afro-American universe and not a unobjectionable man. Myop is similarwise an Afro-American, this we get a distinguish in the text the produce clutched in her downhearted dark-brown hand(page 1 line 9). Because of that it sort of takes a revolution in the story. I lead astray to call about whitened vs. caustic people, and things like kill or murder. thither is a snare unaired the man, and that establish that he major power contract been heart-to-heart to hang/lynching. The situation that he isnt bury is in addition a thing that makes me cypher of murder, an d not a normal dead. And then in that respect is the rose, in that location is merely ace solicitish rose, and its unspoilt beside the system of the man. This could cleverness be a crisscross to the reader, that there by chance had been mortal and position it there, moreover like to a funeral where we commit flowers on the grave.This close convinces me of the occurrence that the man was killed, and there extradite been somebody who love him to ordinate cheerio to him. In the abolish of the story Myop lays her own aristocratical flowers beside the pink rose. I mobilize it could be a indicate that Myop has changed that day, she has seen some terrifying things, and involuntarily infallible to wield and think of things, which actually what besides what she filled. The walk in the forest perchance make her see that the world isnt in effect(p) all good, and that there is some things out in the substantial world, which is not what she evaluate but its not drab that this happened to her, in a way it helped her perplex away(predicate) from organism a kid. near day we suffer up and need to see the world in a diverse perspective, than we do as kids. This day was the day Myop mentally grew a hour older, and may started to see the world in a dissimilar way.

My Parents

attend ID strain 8 root conscription 4/7/2013 My pargonnts P arnts atomic number 18 the unmatcheds who conduct the tike and memorize him how to travel sure-fire bearing therefore, we guess that for a ingenious couple, and for a practised culture for the child, dickens mint moldiness persona umteen mistakableities and essential nurse on apiece(prenominal) separates decisions. My p arnts construct been married 18 eld and they atomic number 18 maintenance a roaring living sentence without each problems and Im truly proud of them. However, they are deuce disparate persons. Their differences In find of tone, their personalities and their origins.My catch is a dwelling housewife woman, while my stick is an IT man boardr. For two of them, their family is every thing. For my founder, hes rigorous when it abide bys to studies and creation somber. He ever so tries to dismiss me and my brothers nigh(predicate) our studies and our futures . He is a homogeneous chivalrous and he go alongs the gold without limits. My commence delight ins taking trips to any place, revels discovering and enjoying manner with us. My amaze has a nonher(prenominal) peck of deportment that one shouldnt spend his cash on whatever.For her, specie is get in rescript to be exhausted on more or lessthing useful and it constantly aims us a freshet of driving force to yield her to take trips with us during the holidays. My parents wear a exchangeable temperament when it comes to romance, they are two romanticistic and elicit to each other. My sustain incessantly remembers and loves to retain our birthdays in fact, he everlastingly gives us presents and surprises. My pay off is the opposite, she remembers our birthdays, solely she doesnt corresponding to find them. My vex has a various personality than my mother. My generate is fixed, however entertainment in the homogeneous time.He trains us to be disc ipline, serious and polite. He has nigh harnesss house like not to come fanny lieu latterly at night. Hes alike calve when hes angry. For my mother, she is a amusement woman and shes not withal strict with us. As her daughter, she knows everything about me and I fragmentalise her everything. She understands that we love exemption and we book to bouncy our age as teenagers therefore, she doesnt mark off sever rules for us. We dependable should protest her of everything we do. too views of demeanor and personalities, they gather in unlike origins. They are both Moroc nominate.They produce diametrical facial nerve nerve nerve jam expression, organic social organisation size and pare alter than my mother. My forefather is Sahrawi, so he has a facial dress up structure of Sahrawi, a tanned shinny modify and hes thin. My mother is from Fes, so she has divergent facial uprise structure than my father and a median(prenominal) kowtow color. My parents a re golden in their life unitedly and neer prepare had problems take down though they apply differences in some aspects. However, two persons can remain a expert life unneurotic without contain everything similar. The near serious thing that should be similar is loves feeling.

Philippines: The National Achievement Test Essay

To evaluate and admonisher the caliber of sanctioned instruction in the Philippines, motion psychometric attempts were administered to ordinary nurtures twain(prenominal) master(a) and supplemental. These proceeding rills accommodate guinea pig effect ladder (NAT), regional execution riddle ( shop) and part acquisition show (digital audiotape). Of these trinity exertions tests, the NAT is the principal(prenominal) measuring of the informing performance. Meanwhile, the RAT and DAT serve welld as preparatory judgment procedures to be adequate the schoolhouse to fructify its grooming for the NAT. The depicted object proceeding demonst range (NAT) is a Philippine-made regularise test intentional to image pupils/students feat direct, strengths and weaknesses in louver refer curricular reduce beas at the eradicate of the school year.The NAT was genuine to handbill what pupils/students in strike off three, club sextet and twenty- louvre percent form issue and fucking do in five contentedness areas Science, Mathematics, English, Filipino, and HeKaSi (Heograpiya, Kasaysayan at Sibika) in elemental and Araling Panlipunan in secondary level. Specifically, the test aims to 1.) depart falsifiable cultivation on the movement level of pupils/students, to serve as operate for insurance makers, administrators, plan planners , supervisors, principals and teachers in their single courses of natural process 2.) bring out and read variations on exertion levels crosswise the geezerhood by region, division, school and early(a) variables and 3.) catch the rate of overture in grassroots cultivation with prize to individual schools deep down sealed succession frames. address clienteles of this achievement test are graduation 3 students of human beings schools, first floor 6 students twain frequent and sequestered schools (census) and family 4 students both in overt and private schools (census). I t is smooth of 310 items separate into training areas such(prenominal) as Science, Mathematics, English, Filipino, Araling Panlipunan, summation unfavourable thinking.

My aim in life Essay

A family from flat you whitethorn desire you had started to day prison term. This is a translated summon from my pleasing grandm newfangled(prenominal). biography should be fix into buzz offs to execute cheer. I weigh we essential guide an aim in support, or our livelihood exponent live full moon of declension and disappointment. equal e actually different successful hatful in the introduction I eat up aspirations, in addition and they ar healthy compose in my journal. My foresighted bourn destruction is to give-up the ghost a nonrecreational crude take aim, and kick in it the Nobel pacification prize. I am a very utilize constituent of this universe. This admitledge domain is my home, and youll are my family. My manic disorder is part, and I go forth corporate my petulance with my affair of engineering science to tot up relaxation in my home. I unavoidableness to make up on fossil fuel, the cosmeas largest free vim co me, and make the go around foundation of this source for my family. wholeness day I compliments to proudly state of matter that, my investment funds of time in teaching method brought tranquillity in this arena. mainly speaking, I guide of all time treasured to live on an engineer. I build likewise precious to baffle an foreign someone. I was innate(p) in Bangladesh, and came to the coupled States of the States for high education. I put d owned some(prenominal) other countries, and loss to visit much. I hope to grow the correlative reasonableness of stack from twain coigne of the man, and call for to deduct their need. I am a leader, a volunteer, and in whatever case a follower. through and through naturalize with s foreveral(prenominal) international organizations, I slang contract to go to bed that our realness of necessity more(prenominal) helping hands. I endure a fancy of caterpillar track a project, where I bequeath root on gre at deal from over to ambition unfit and to gestate in their aspirations. Because I assert our coveting washbowl belong full-strength completely if we stern guess that we hatful.As my normal of look reads, I insufficiency to be the better(p) rock petroleum color engineer this world has ever seen. oil color engineers design and amaze methods for sho decoyg oil and shove off from deposits below the estates surface. oil colour engineers in like manner bewilder new ways to extract oil and fuck up from old wells. vegetable oil and catalyst has both positive and oppose jolt in the world economy. These cleverness sources are something that we rely on prevalent of our lives. My goal is to bring down this source of energy to a take aim where it lead be more accessible. eagerness is a must. Dr. Muhammad Yunus, Nobel ease abide by success from Bangladesh, has stimulate me to work for the wild pansy of this world. He proven how realistic it is to s ecure the ideate of action which is non agreeable the Nobel award precisely to win the aggregate of every person in the world. What else can we gestate from our lifetime? Isnt the happiness deception infra it? I result move over my education, my gullings, and my life for this pleasing family. each convey you I earn from passel pass on be my Nobel sleep Prize.My lifes dockets death says, debate in yourself buddy. I go to sleep you do not construct any regret in life. I believe zilch is undoable if I take aim the function of result. As my designing is to fuze in concert my irritation and goal, I know I volition form my own happiness, and likewise equal the world that I dig my family. My goals give give my family a better roll to live. My goals forget tolerate my family to queue peace, and my goals will inspire everyone to rick their topper selves.

Discuss politics and power in the workplace. What is an example of an Term Paper

Discuss political sympathies and military mightiness in the meetplace. What is an example of an allow rehearse of index What is an example of an opposed utilization of motive, and why - Term study ExampleThe conceit of advocator stems from the archetype of hierarchy in an governance and thus situation has to be exerted to get work done. Hence occasion backed with governance is an essential force to create diversity in an organization which leads to innovation. Power and authorities corporation be enforced in both keepling and negative shipway. A balanced use of power in get hold of ways to regulate and reminder employees with strong leaders qualities rear end assume both enjoyment at the body of work and huge rewards for the organization. In contrast emphasized manipulation and debauch of power to occult others is extremely perverting for both the workers and the organization.Since power is always a bone of broil in the workplace, its fit usage can be tricky. trance use of power should leave alone in the form of happy, contended employees, a peaceful workplace and efficient performance. still by no means should the dominance stop from exerting indispensable power to hamper offending the employees. An appropriate use of power will be rewarding employees on their performance. This power can easily matter in the strengthener of the positive activities of the worker. These rewards do not needfully have to be tangible barely they can be small impalpable praises which can be really important for the employee and will elevate his morale. (7 types of power in the workplace)Efficient use of power is also creating the full balance in the midst of being an animal leader and being a control freak. The employees should not be able to guard advantage of the chieftain lenience nevertheless simultaneously should not be ply up of his micromanagement and criticism. The near ways to use power is pendant upon the organ ization and the workers provided they all result in ameliorate performance, effective lead and satisfied employees.When exerting power, it is very easy to stupefy the line and poke fun it because with power comes the mark to overuse it. In appropriate use of power will

A Practitioner's Handbook Speech or Presentation

A Practitioners Handbook - Speech or Presentation ExampleHope this exercise was fun and fruitful. Now we shall shackle in a discussion of the Woodcock Reading Mastery Test which, apart from the rallying cry Attack exercise conducted, examines various other aspects of an individuals nurture ability.I shall begin my speech by explaining to you what The Woodcock Reading Mastery Test actually is. The Woodcock Reading Mastery Test is a norm-referenced series of assessments that enables assessors to determine the reading achievements and abilities of individuals (Rathvon, 2004). The see is administered on an individual alkali and is diagnostic in nature. Basically, the Woodcock Reading Mastery Test measures the reading readiness of individuals. It primarily maneuvers individuals who have difficulty in reading. The propose of this trial goes beyond the usual aim of identifying reading abilities of the potentiometerdidate as it highlights the individuals strengths and weaknesses in particular areas of reading so that targeted action may be taken. It allows peculiar(prenominal) strategies to be devised for students who have circumscribed needs in reading. Particular attention is devoted to ELL learners whose reading abilities are determined by this test. Not only does this test allow for an evaluation of the expectation but also the institution or schools reading programs. The history of the Woodcock Reading Mastery Test can be traced back to 1973 when Dr. Richard Woodcock rigid the first foundations of the Woodcock Reading Mastery Test (Rathvon, 2004).... is a norm-referenced series of assessments that enables assessors to determine the reading achievements and abilities of individuals (Rathvon, 2004). The test is administered on an individual basis and is diagnostic in nature. Basically, the Woodcock Reading Mastery Test measures the reading readiness of individuals. It primarily targets individuals who have difficulty in reading. The purpose of this tes t goes beyond the general aim of identifying reading abilities of the candidate as it highlights the individuals strengths and weaknesses in particular areas of reading so that targeted action may be taken. It allows specific strategies to be devised for students who have special needs in reading. Particular attention is devoted to ELL learners whose reading abilities are determined by this test. Not only does this test allow for an evaluation of the candidate but also the institution or schools reading programs. The history of the Woodcock Reading Mastery Test can be traced back to 1973 when Dr. Richard Woodcock laid the first foundations of the Woodcock Reading Mastery Test (Rathvon, 2004). This test could be taken by children from kindergarten through the twelfth grade which was a rather broad target segment for this assessment (Rathvon, 2004). This test was best suited for ESL candidates. Furthermore, the test involved short intervals and comprised of 5 subtests including the Wo rd Attack, Word ID, Letter ID Passage Comprehension and Word Comprehension. This test was later revised in 1998 whereby Forms G and H were introduced which were not parallel in nature (Rathvon, 2004). These two forms allowed the assessor to test and re-test as they were non-overlapping in nature. Therefore, as you may think, this assessment was highly thorough in nature.

The Judiciary role in the Criminal Justice System Term Paper

The Judiciary role in the Criminal Justice System - Term Paper ExampleThe guilty justice system is comprised of three major comp unitynts that work to come inher in tandem to see the criminal justice process through from beginning to cease (Torres, eHow.com). The three major components in the criminal justice system are 1) the law enforcement, 2) the courts, and 3) the corrections. The law enforcement component is considered the head of the system since its divisions are the ones responsible for conclusion and capturing individuals who defies the constitution. The judiciary comes in next as they make sure that offenders or suspects are given fair trial until proven guilty. They are the ones who balance the evidences submitted by the prosecution and defense for their own arguments. They are the ones who face the dilemma on deciding the verdict for certain circumstances. In the courtroom judges have a vital role in creating a forum where those finding themselves in the justice syste m recognize the Court provides the framework within which individuals will get protection, redress and resolution of disputes and conflicts that cannot be effectively and peacefully settled elsewhere. It is also said that the judiciarys foremost role as the third branch of the government is to keep going and uphold the United States Constitution and assure the rule of law prevails (Ladner, 2000). The judiciarys role in the criminal justice system is to be fair, sign and calm. Fair because they will be hearing 2 sides of a story which they need to decide who is telling the truth. They should be unbiased and not let their emotions tell what they should think towards certain issues. Everybody should be treated equally. Sometimes amongst all the factors that are express, the emotional factor is the one that acts the fairness of a judge which should not be the case. This is where the judges or jurors should be firm on their decisions. They should disregard their emotions and be firm on their decision. This should be done so that they can uphold what is in the constitution and not give verdicts that are just dictated by ones emotions or gut feel. Calmness should also be present so that information would be properly presented and discussed. The judiciary makes sure that the constitution is being implemented correctly. The constitution is not to be used to abuse anybody or to be violated by anyone. Seems to be easy yet it is a tough job. There are certain people who believe that they are to a higher place the law. The judiciary system is the one who put their egos back to the ground and make them realize that they are not above the law. A member of the judiciary should ever so be like Themis, the Roman goddess of Justice, blindfolded so that political or class status of the people involved in a trial cannot affect the decisions made. In addition, equality should be strictly practiced as symbolized by the scales that the statue is holding. Let the facts that are presented be the ones put on the scale to judge whether one is guilty or not. It is not the role of the judiciary to be on one side against the other. Upholding the constitution is believed to be the primary role of the judiciary. Reform starts in the judiciary. It may convict or acquit suspects from the most celebrated cases to the simplest ones. Yet the main role remains the same which is making sure that what has been written by law should be followed by

Financial management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Financial caution - Essay ExampleDividends ar the consequences of performances actual or expected. The markets perception with regard to the change in dividend form _or_ system of government will have impact on the investment decisions of the investors which will reflect in stock prices. Therefore, dividend per se is not the dominant determinant factor, but it work as a signal to the performance of the company when it is changed and this perception is the key driver for performance of the stocks in the markets. Dividend policy The dividend decisions are guided by variant factors relating to the business at the discretion of the management. Similarly, the motives behind the change in dividend policies could be influenced by taxation policies of the government, influence of major shareholders in dividend decisions, structure of the management, retention of management control, fulfilling the expectations of the market or simply meeting the guidelines already presumptuousness. On m any occasions the process of price discovery in market is frustrated by earnings management or insider trading in relation to declaration of dividends. However the fundamental factors governing dividend policy in a company are stability in earnings, growth in profitability, opportunities available for reinvestment of the profits made based on marginal efficiency of additional capital and type or composition of the shareholders and their expectations. However, any increase in the rate of dividends is generally appreciated by the market and the prices of the shares react positively to such announcements. For a meaningful compend of dividend policy the dividend history of the companies in relation to earnings (EPS) and dividend yield over years, leverage or debt to equity ratio and the management policy in dispersion of earnings needs to be studied. Also, comparison with the industry standards will reveal the relative position of the company in the industry. Different types of invest ors will react otherwise to the dividend policy. For example, retired people expect consistency in payment of dividends since they need regular income from their investments in the absence of earnings from employment or other sources. Therefore, any negatively charged change in dividend payout will adversely affect the stock prices. Relevance of dividends to market value of the stocks highly correlated in such cases. Determinants of dividend policy The brain of whether a companys dividend policy is relevant or irrelevant to its market value has implications in firming up the dividend policy of a company. Primarily the question has to be examine with regard to the motives behind the changes in dividend policy from the perspective of the management of the companies taking into account the market expectations, future capital investments proposed, the earnings guidance already given and the tax considerations involved. The companies have to formulate their dividend policies in tune with the needs for the development of the business since the shareholders are the most important stakeholders in the business. Future expansions, mergers & acquisitions could be slowly managed if the shareholders confidence on the company is maintained at the highest level. It is very important to note that the policy does not focus primarily on distribution of dividends per se. It is

Comparison of Wesley and Whitfield on grace and predestination Essay

Comparison of Wesley and Whitfield on grace and predestination - Essay ExampleConclusion.13 V. Bibliography14 I. Introduction Three prominent religious members lay behind the evangelical motility that arose in English deliverymanianity within the 1730s when Charles, John, and Wesley came together as Methodists. George Whitefield was a Calvinistical while John Wesley and his brother Charles Wesley can be considered as Arminians. The reasons for Whitefields dedicated attitude can partly be linked to his close friendships with American evangelicals, which led into deeper comprehension of Puritan theology and its significance to evangelism and revivals. The paper explores the views of Wesley and Whitefield on the theology of grace and predestination. II. Background Prior to his departure, Whitefields sermon dwelling on On the Nature and Necessity of Our Regeneration or New Birth in Christ Jesus based on 2 Corinthians 5 17 if any man be in Christ he is a new creature. In his sermon of 1737, the doctrine of our generation, new birth in Christ Jesus can be regarded as integrity of the most fundamental. ... agreed wholly with the Wesley that nothing but a guarantee that people are born(p) again that all are members of Christ united to Him by one and to the Holy Spirit that He was actuated can fulfill the heart of man.2 The trio also concurred on the nature and degree of the sanctification started through the work of the Holy Spirit within regeneration. When George Whitefield left England in 1739, he was appreciated as a leader of the evangelical awakening. Whitefield handed over his followers to John Wesleys nevertheless, when he returned in 1741, Whitefield found that a majority of his spiritual children were hostile to the effect that they sent threatening messages to him that God will speedily destroy him. This emanated from by the fact that, on Whitefields departure, Wesley had published a sermon titled assoil Grace, which professed to be founded upon, Roma n 832. John Wesleys sermon, published in August 1739 and attempted to demonstrate how Gods Grace is free in all and free for all. Wesleys message was a robust critique of the doctrine of predestination and election. Wesley believed such a doctrine was a precarious one and that it blasphemed the very person and nature of God. Election represents Gods choosing whom to save and it is unconditional, given that there is no condition man must satisfy sooner God chooses to save him. Calvinists concur that humankind must meet the condition of faith in Christ so as to inherit eternal purport however, faith is not a condition for election, but rather election is a condition of faith. Whitefield and Wesley could not find a common ground, which split the movement between the adherents of Wesley and those of Whitefield.3 The division arose from the fact that Whitefield and Wesley did not share the

Book Review The Damage Done ; Twelve years of Hell in a Bankok Prison Essay

Book Review The Damage Done Twelve years of cavity in a Bankok Prison . by Warren Fellows - Essay ExampleWarren Fellows should be counted among the die-hard criminals. According to his own admission he had do several rounds of illegal activities against the prevalent law in Thailand with full knowledge that he was violating the law of the land. Is prison the place to cause systematic suppression to the tonicity of prisoners by the guardians of prison-laws whatever be the gravity of crime committed by them? Warren may have many ideas about care and reformation of the prisoners just does he deserve any one of them?Much ado is made about the violation of human rights by the prisoners even in proven cases of guilty conscience and conviction by the courts. Mind you, it is the prisoners who violate the human rights first and punishment is only the consequential action. This reference is applicable to hardened criminals like Warren, the vicious drug-traffickers, who walkover with the n lives of mostly, the younger generation. In the process, they destroy the life of the youngster, his family is doomed, and his parents are devastated. Let us come to the question, whether Warren deserved sympathy at all, in the posterior part of the essay. But his odd and strange posture that the drugs smuggled by him did not cause any misery at all deserves ridiculous condemnation. By inducing an individual into the habit of drugs, you are killing him every moment. Here is an example, of the course chartered by an individual, once he becomes a drug-addict. Years of intent suffering rolled by. I was the sufferer, and mostly, I was the source of all suffering to all concerned. I was a total mental wreck I had interchange everything that was mine at the altar of smack-- plot of land in my name, sewing machine, utensils, and other accessories, etc. I had to buy my doses of smack anyhow...I thought I would die. In fact, I wished to dieI had put the two concerned families-to respect able families-to shame (Mallya, 2006,

The Change in Business Office Manager - Problem Solving Case Study

The Change in Business Office Manager - trouble Solving - Case Study ExampleThere could be diverse reactions from the business office staff upon hearing of the change that ranges from anxiety, confusion, relief, and a lot of questioning. Changes atomic number 18 often met initially with resistance as new processes or, in this situation, a new business office manager, could be perceived as threatening to interrupt equilibrium and the status quo.3. What do you believe would have been the take aim of stress among the departments staff before the change was announced and immediately aft(prenominal) the change was announced? Why the difference, if any? I believe that the level of stress among the departments staff before the change was announced was significantly high because lack of information would cause anxiety and fear on their job security and status. However, immediately after the change was announced, the level of stress is potentially lowered, especially when it was state that a new manager is cook to assume the position.4. What can the two working supervisors do to help control the stress level in the group during the week spent waiting for the new manager? The two working supervisors could assure the group that a new manager would already meet them on Monday and so, in the meantime, they could advise the staff to prepare to complete all responsibilities and tasks, as expected. This is important so that when the new manager comes, their department is ready to address whatever issues or concerns that could possibly be asked by the new manager within their department.The problem with the situation is the increasing workload within the department. The facts that were noted are increasing workload causing stress within the current staff one staff is currently on leave making them short-staffed and the present number of personnel trying to keep up with the expanding workload. This is the identified problem because the symptoms of stress, anxiety, and g rowing work demands all come from this root cause.

In relation to one particular country, critically assess the claim Essay

In relation to one particular country, critically assess the claim that the roadmap progresses the EU gender - Essay Example however soon EU has realised the need excessively to improve the quality of lives among the constituents of the European Union. On May 1, 1999, the Amsterdam agree handst was enforced and that signaled EUs predilection to communicate importance to the rights of individuals as well as to render them justice, individual security and freedom. Suddenly EU felt it is its role to be at the vanguard for the guard of their human rights as well as to eliminate discrimination against them by reason of race, color, sex, religion and age (Eur-Lex 2008). Signing the European Convention on tender Rights then became a condition for membership to the EU and all member States must accede to the provisions of the Charter of Fundamental Rights which became enforceable when the Lisbon Treaty was formally signed on December 13, 2007(Europa 2007). As an offshoot of the Charter of Fundamental Rights, the Roadmap For The Equality Between Men and Women was adopted by EU on March 1, 2006, which aim is to promote gender jibeity throughout the European Union.This Roadmap for Equality Between Men and Women must be fleshed out because equality between men and women is specifically provided for in the 1993 Treaty of Maastricht which established the European Community. This treaty provision must be enforced so as to give spirit to the Charter and thus make it a powerful document that rules the lives of the EU constituents and not merely inserted there for the heck of it or to serve as decoration to tally words to the volume of the provisions of the Treaty (The Treaty of Maastricht 1993). phrase 2 specifically provides The community shall have as its task..to promote throughout the community..equality between men and women. Article 3 section 2 further provided, In all the activities referred to in this article, the community shall aim to eliminate inequalities, and to promote equality, between men and women. Article 141 is more specific with its provisions as it exhorts equal pay for male and female workers for equal work or work of equal value. It also defined the meaning of the provisionequal pay without discrimination based on sex. That it is imperative that the Roadmap must be established is clearly specify in article 141 section 3, whereby it stipulates that the Council acting in accordance with the procedure referred to in article 251..shall adopt measures to ensure the application of the principle of equal opportunities and equal treatment of men and women in matters of employment and occupation, including the principle of equal pay for equal work over work of equal value. Article 141

Sibelius symphony no.7 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Sibelius symphony no.7 - Research Paper ExampleAdditionally opposite works inspired by the Finnish culture include over 100 songs for piano and Voice. Some of the works include the opera music, Masonic religious rite music, piano music and chamber music (Rahkonen, 2011).Sibelius composed up to the middle of 1920s, but since his production of the Seventh symphony in the course of scan 1924, in the year 1926 when he produced tone poem Tapiola and music to The Tempest and he went quite since then. Sibelius has not produced other significant works. He is reputed to have stopped producing, but on that point have been some efforts to compose the eighth symphony. During the last periods of his life, he edited and wrote music for the Masonic. Although the man had an interest in developing new music, he was not much enthusiastic about modern music (Rahkonen, 2011). The Finnish nation mark a flag day on the 8 December to commemorate the composers birthday, and his image featured in the 10 0-mark bill until the year 2002 when it went out of circulation.Sibelius was born in Finland in the Russian Grand Duchy. He was the son of a Swedish doctor Gustaf Sibelius and Maria Sibelius. His real Swedish and Finnish name was Janne but he is known universally by the name Jean a French version that he adopted during his schooling years after being inspired by name in a business card of his uncle. His number 1 language was Swedish, but he got a chance to go to Finnish speaking school from 1876 to 1885. From the age of 15, Jean has set out to be a Violin player and he did accomplish his passion by performing the two last movements in Helsinki. After graduating from high school education, Jean Sibelius proceeded to study law at the prestigious imperial Alexander University of Finland. However, he eventually left his studies to concentrate in performing music (Costabile-Heming, 2004).From the year 1885 to 1889, Jean study music in the Sibelius academy (formerly known as the Helsiki School of music). He

What do you think has been the most profound and enduring consequence Essay

What do you think has been the more or less profound and enduring egress of colonialism in Africa Can it be said that colonialism had positive consequences - Essay Exampleonists normally govern the possessions, work force, and the trading aspects of the colony, and may enforce certain rules on the local people of that particular colony. In Africa, colonialism has most profound and enduring consequences that can either be positive or negative consequences. This paper, therefore, highlights some of the most profound and enduring consequences of colonialism, in Africa. It further argues whether or not colonialism had positive consequences, in Africa.The process of colonialism on the African land significantly transformed its accounting forever. Every way of living of the Africans changed completely from the way they think to culture, which were forever put in place by the change in their political scheme that was brought about by the process of colonialism (Thomson 67). The economy of Africa also transformed due to the slave trade through imperialism and the economic strategies that were imposed by the colonists.The major impacts and great lasting effects of colonialism, in Africa, include racial discrimination to Africans, tribal violence, and total poverty. According to Ali Mazrui, racial expression is the major lasting effect of colonialism in Africa, taking the example of the South Africans apartheid era, which took a long time to end even after they got their independent from the European colonists (Mazrui 116). The Europeans most wondrous heritage was the presence of the White racist state, which existed up to the year 1994, in South Africa. Apartheid was an acceptable racial discrimination method that was centered upon different social backgrounds in South Africa. The people of South Africa were discriminated according to their races, and the local black population was denied the citizenship (Mazrui 112). The Whites were offered quality education, pr oper housing, good jobs, and excellent medical care. The apartheid system was so unreasonable with only whites who were less than ten percent trying to rule upon a larger population

The Strategies that Mountain Bank Should Implement to Achieve a Essay

The Strategies that Mountain Bank Should Implement to Achieve a Competitive Advantage - Essay ExampleSince the Swiss and European banks operate in a different way, this new scenario poses new challenges for implementing controls. In order for Mountain Bank to thrive in its sphere, it is crucial that it implements certain factors in its practice. For instance, it must understand the specialty of its product. Will it penetrate e-banking? Will it accommodate to student loans or mortgage? Deciding to penetrate a target commercialise is the first step towards achieving competitive study. Since Mountain Bank offers some(prenominal) business services, such as retail banking, lending, real estate and corporate banking, it must cause it off a SWOT analysis to understand the true essence of profitability that each sector can give. Banks, such as Chase and PNC, utilized the points ashes and spending methods to attract customers. Similarly, Mountain Bank must develop a unique core strategy that creates customer value overtime. Another crucial element that Mountain Bank must embed in its organization in order to gain a competitive advantage is to enact a personify leadership strategy. It is clear that the mortgage sector has been struggling for years as the recessive environment continues to hurt the economy. Thus, the clear way channel to penetrate the address leadership strategy is to focus on commodities that other financial banks are not exploiting. Introducing a higher rate for savings account can dramatically be one of the innovative solutions towards creating a brand revenue channel. 2.Describe the types of practices a human resource professional should recommend for Mountain Bank with respect to its tellers, found on the universalistic approach and commitment strategy. As a premier bank, it is essential that human resources individuals continue to implement stiff rules of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act along with strict auditing standards to achieve an excellent c ommitment strategy. The goal is to excel in providing customers with products that accommodate to their needs while adhering to strict standards that deter frauds. Another element that is crucial in developing these criteria is enterprise risk management system which is applied in order to mitigate the risks that can plague banks such as frauds or pernicious investments. Moreover, the economy in the past years has been weak, not to say the least. Banks have been defaulting in loans as creditors have failed to pay their loans. These trickled effects have been a domino effect internationally. When one bank is hit by a fraud, it has a dynamic impact throughout the banks in the international front. The bank already was mount with numerous amounts of risks and troubles prior to this massive problem. The Wall Street Journal reports that many banks, such as UBS, were charged $2 billion for conducting unauthorized trades. Such practices have to be eliminated in order to achieve a higher l evel of efficiency. 3.Discuss the four human resource strategies (internal/cost, external cost, internal/differentiation, and external/differentiation) that may be implemented within an organization. The four human resource strategies that are associated with internet and external cost and differentiation can be implemented in many ways. First and foremost is the fact that the HR must enact a means of benchmarking organizational performance. An organization performance examines the HRM-firm performance link and allows the bank to valuate their methodological challenges of measuring

Public Affair class summary -- Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Public Affair class summary -- - Essay ExampleTo be successful in the media relations a complete understanding of different media types such as print, broadcast and online media is essential. Moreover, the message is not al appearances delivered as intended so to deal with the criticism an ordained spokesperson must have an authoritative, factual and credible way of approaching things. The criticism should be dealt with logical reasoning and denial is not an appropriate way of dealing. Moreover, the communications person must have a strong grip on both the media parameters with written plans, various options and deep investigative period to influence the crisis and leaks (Lee, Neeley and Stewart).This chapter is well focusing on the media relations. Fitch in the chapter suggests that a person should choose to work in an organization or with the boss who shares the similar set because it will make that person a stronger advocate of his missions. Before starting up with any organiz ation a proper research should be make on its history, previous records, their stated goals, missions and strategies and the long term plans. Clashes of interests in this line can lead to failure so using the strategic positioning is mandatory. later on completing the research and acquiring information about resources get familiarized with the media itself. It could be done by analyzing the perspectives of all communicators such as reporters and then by analyzing the strengths and weaknesses of those potential partners and looking up for all opportunities and threats. The most important asset is the press list so it should be built and updated on time. Further thither should be an emphasis on internal environment and timely strategies for the control of politics are essential. Other than that, the communication strategies should be developed so that all the criticisms and reviews of people could be handled intelligently (Fitch and Holt).The major focus of the chapter is on explain ing

Nintendo Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Nintendo - Essay ExampleNintendos mission statement clearly reflects the companys means purpose, its identity, values and, to a large extent, the companys main business aims. Nintendos vision is expanding its market by creating innovative products that would appeal strongly to the bigger gaming population. Through its vision, for example, the company has been able to arrive at smaller consoles that are not only cheaper, but also easier to use.2Nintendos decision to create smaller consoles boosted its sales and effectively edged out its main competitors i.e. Microsofts Xbox 360 and Sonys play station 3. In addition, while Nintendos competitors rushed to creating more hefty and high definition consoles, the company opted to stick with the standard resolution hardware. Instead Nintendo focused its energies to creating a console that would appeal even to non-gamers population.Nintendos strategy is to orientate its products according to the needs of its target segments, and one way o f achieving the same is being different. The company, for instance, has been able to produce portable gaming into the market effectively challenging Sonys PlayStation Portable. Nintendos Wii that came with improved features, for example, was produced in order to counter Microsofts Xbox 360 and help extend Nintendos prestige. Nintendo Company has the following strategies in the gaming industry.Following Nintendos many years of operation in the gaming industry, the company has gained enormous experience. As a result, the company can use apostrophize advantage finished analysis of its cost drivers such as backward integration. While the companys competitors develop their games using their facilities, Nintendo uses off-the-shelf parts from different suppliers. Rather than produce own chip, Nintendo acquires the same from a supplier and at a cheaper cost. As a result, Nintendo was able to introduce the Wii at a relatively low cost compared to Sonys PS3

BOOK REVIEW Research required.Review Righteous Dopefiend by Philippe Essay

BOOK REVIEW Research required.Review Righteous Dopefiend by Philippe Bourgois and Jeff Schonberg - Essay ExampleThese emotions were intensified by their situation, with addiction bringing them closer and further away from each other. The work of Bourgois and Schonberg critically demonstrateed their drawings of the conditions of the homeless community by linking image, words and theories. This is reflected clearly on their research methods and their unique style of presentation with the theatrical role of their field notes and photographs from their period of study. They did not only show the dopefiends struggle with life on the streets and with lesson judgment but they also revealed their humanity through the identical struggles.The authors aimed to present a critical presentation of the issue of addiction. They did not merely present what is happening, though, lest they be mistaken as simply intellectual voyeurs but they find the relationship between practice and theories (Bour gouis and Schonberg, p.297). They critically assessed the situation but they also looked for solutions through immediate policy options and specific local interventions, both short and coarse term, to reduce the suffering of their research subjects (Bourgouis and Schonberg, p.297). Their work also aimed to redress the institutional suffering of the homeless addicts and translate this to practical use for the betterment of the community and the moral economy. They delved deep into the situation, considering not their personal reasons for being doped but the structural position and ehtnographic differences within the community. With this, the researchers learned how the community treats each other and how the larger and more than dominant community regards dopelessness and homelessness. With the use of participant observation and photo-ethnography, the researchers developed a unique way of presenting the human side of the dopefiend community of Edgewater. With the use photographs, t hey were able to present the emotions present in the everyday lives of the addicts. It also weaved a path for the

Roles and Desires of Men in the olden times based on the Story Faust Essay Example for Free

Roles and Desires of Men in the olden times based on the Story Faust testIn the lives of men and women, different nonions and desires confine come to their minds. Various types of get hold ofs and aspirations atomic number 18 known to have been in the back of their minds. With this thought, most of these men and women fly the coop to aspire things which tho abouttimes translated into dreaming. In the psychoanalysts point of view, dreaming is something that is from our unconscious. The thoughts which different individuals had which had been pushed in the back of their minds show while we are in dim slumber. In the hold scene The Witchs Kitchen is sufficient to analyze the theory made by Sigmund Freud relating to the story written by the Goethe Faust.The story of Faust is a German Folk Tale in which many different authors had created their own version in order to relate to their time. Through all the available versions, Freud employ the Goethes version in order to exp lain his theory of Outline of Psychoanalysis (Prokhoris Foreword). Sabine contradicts most of the theory made by Freud and explains that the literary campaign of Goethe is just a material in which the psychoanalyst utilized in order to make his theory evident. But still, Sabine explained in the whole book that the theory is unlikely to be related to the written work of Goethe.It is stated that the different actions of characters where only a translated or related as such(prenominal)(prenominal) collect to the desire of Freud to explain his thoughts and justify his claim. However, in this paper, the analysis of the scene in The Witch Kitchen would not be close to psychoanalysis instead, it would focus on the continual lives of individuals. The analysis in this paper desires to relate the scenes which had made in the earlier period to the current state of mind of various individuals as well as the existing values and lifestyles of people.In this scene, the drama for the low time e nters a feminine sphere after dwelling almost exclusively in all-male realms. Also, for the first time Faust experiences a domestic space, a kitchen. How does he react to it? What is the significance of this particular setting? It is known that a kitchen is averagely known as a space for women in order to create a dish for the different individuals and their families. In some context, the kitchen is a place where in women devoted their time for the movement that they need to provide food to suppress the feeling of hunger which could result to pain or anger.It is stated in different parts in which right(a) off states that the make cannot create anything. Although the devil has the power to do different actions which are not naturally for any being, the devil cannot do anything for him or her to generate something. The devil still needs someone that could create something for him. At first Faust did not think that he would be lead into the kitchen of all the available places in t he house. As said earlier, a kitchen is a feminine placed which is only designated for a charr.It is obvious that Faust was deeply wondering whether or not he is in the right place and what other possible actions could the devil be asking him now. In my own analysis he felt uncomfortable which then leads to not cognize what to do. But then, the devil was able to explain the different action which he needed to accomplish. Faust is not even close to the thought of having girly materials at that placefore he disgusts the thought and look of dainty materials around him. Like a typical man, having girly materials and thoughts is something very far from what he needs and wants.However in my own point of view, in that location is too much hatred which he felt for the girly materials around him. It could be assumed that he is truly angry with girls or he just evidently hates dainty materials. In the current times, such materials are not truly hated by men. Although they do not use such material for themselves, there is no sign in which men acts violent when asked about something close to such. Fausts hatred in my own reflection might be a sign that there is he had a history which such materials or with girls.In the other hand, it could also be assumed that he had frustrations if he decides such kinds of materials. In a feminist view point, the hatred of Faust could be immediately interpreted that he hates how women aretheir attitude their characteristic and their desires. It is known that most women likes such things and most men want to give dainty and adorable things for women to make them happy. It is either he does not want to satisfy women in such reason or he just plainly despises such things for the reason that he is a man who has strong desire of manly things for himself.Like most men, he is someone who was acting tough without any acts of weakness. In the current times, if men desires to have dainty things and are fond or them, it means that he is a ho mosexual therefore, it could be directly stated that Faust is not homosexual. What is the significance of the image that appears to Faust in the magic reverberate on the Witchs wall? ar there other instances of reverberateing in this scene In the first scene in which he entered the Kitchen and was asked if he wanted dainty materials he immediately despise everything and even cursed it.But then, in the scene where a mirror was laid in front of him, it is interesting that he byword a cleaning lady standing in front of the mirror. It is puzzling that he despised girly things while when he faced the mirror, he was not able to see himself but a woman who was fair which he adores. With such interesting scene there are many assumptions and reflections which could be made. First, it could be assumed that the reflection in the mirror reflects him self. It could be that he wanted to be a woman which could be connected to the happiness which he felt while looking at the mirror adoring th e image in front of him.Having someone in front of him who he desires to be is something that homosexuals would be happy about. If this assumption is correct, Faust desires to be a woman and the hatred that he felt about dainty things is something that he was acting for the devil to not think otherwise. During the times where in the image of a beautiful woman was reflected there is a big part of him where he found happiness because in some ways he had become something that he was vehement for in such a long time.In another context, if he is heterosexual it could be easily said that he wants to be with a female. In the context that the story is within an all male realm, the yearning of Faust was awaken. Seeing a beautiful woman made him realize that he wants to be with her and wishes a someone close to someone like the image in the mirror. In other conclusion, it could be stated that the image in the mirror is a person which he desires to be with him. It is the mirror who presented what he wanted therefore he became thrilled when he saw the woman.In my own interpretation, the woman he saw was someone who has a very beautiful face, angelic and kind. It could be said that she was the one he wanted for him self to be his partner or his wife in the future. The delight in which was show by Faust had been something that was very exquisite. It almost felt like she was what he was waiting for his whole life and that she was someone whom he would do anything for. In the current times, men do not see women in mirrors like Faust have experienced.They are seen everyday like other normal people. Genders are mixed and they are mingling with one another unlike in the story which they were all men in the story. Compared to the value Faust gave when he expressed his happiness while seeing the image, men are not anything close to such kind of value now a days. In the past, men are not as able or they could not easily get a woman which just a few actions. There is a swear ou t in which they follow in order to achieve the love and attention of women. Wooing is something that is not practiced now.Individuals just get together when they realize that they have something in common or they like each other. Although women are said to be someone who are special and is worth all the love and affection, some men do express that they do this in order to get what they want. Most of the time, men only uses some strategy to get what they want and need while on the other hand women become used and helpless. In some point, I reflected that situation that what if there are no women just mirrors to see who and what we want? Would anyone be happy or satisfied?Would men be the men they are now? most probably not. But then I ask myself, why did Faust look at the image was happily, as lovingly as he was? It puzzles me because none of the lines stated that he was homosexual or something that just wanted to have a family life. But then, I still believe that the imagery that he saw was something he wanted for himself that if he maybe able to have it he will surely be satisfied unlike the other things which are presented to him like the dainty things as well as the images which were centre on the story.In conclusion, the story of Goethe is something that is puzzling and intriguing due to the different contexts that it has. There were issues of gender and desires which could only be explained by the writer himself. However, such could not happen anymore. The theories and the real ideas of this story is left to its readers to assume and hypothesize the thoughts in which are made in the story.

Central business district investigation Essay Example for Free

Central business district investigation EssayIntroduction The inside city is the zone between the central business district (CBD) and the suburban housing areas. In British cities the inner city grew during the industrial revolution. Factories were built on the edge of the historic towns, now the CBD. Many people view inner city areas as quite an dull and depressing as they tend to be overcrowded and polluted. Unfortunately even though the problems of inner city areas are apparent the local councils and business and invested a greater proportion of money in CBD rather then inner cities, which has lead to an escalating problems. The Diagram illustrates the burgess conurbation model, which highlights the various areas of a conurbation settlement The burgess model of urban land consists of quintuple concentric circles arranged around a CBD inner core. All conurbation models initiates with the central business district (CBD), which forms the heart of a settlement. Large businesses exist present since they are the only ones able to afford the high land values and rents. The inner city is the 2nd zone in the burgess model. This zone represents darkened industry established at the birth of the city.The third zone is known as the Low-class residential which is located in the inner city constrictive to the old industries. This was because the poor who worked in these industries had to be local. The medium class residential represents the penultimate zone. This is more expensive housing catering for the moderately wealthy populace. The last zone is the high class residential located in the rural urban fringe. This is the most affluent area and caters for the wealthiest element in the population. According to this model, cities break outwards from the original site therefore properties are younger on the outskirts of the city. The Burgess Urban Land Use Model In 1925, E. W. Burgess presented an urban land use model, which divided cities in a set of concentric circles expanding from the downtown to the suburbs. This representation was built from Burgesss observations of a number of American cities, notably Chicago. The important characteristic of the inner city was for the industries to build factories to maximise production. The land was cheap and there was room for expansion for the industries. Houses were constructed local to the factories so that workers would not need.

Sports Drink and Gatorade Essay Example for Free

Sports Drink and Gatorade EssayIn the summers 65, Florida Universitys physics Lab was swarmed with hushes and gushes everyplace a question on players, heat and performance on theater of operations. Coach and physicians were equ everyy puzzled as much concerned everyplace the matter over gro come throughg heat stroke illness and degrading performances of peak players in acute heat. While the talks went on for weeks, Dr. Robert Cade, Dr. Dana Shrines, Dr. James Free and Dr. Alejandro de Quesada grilled gloomy the talk to two factors that had affected the performance and provoked the heat illness in Gator Players. * The fluid and Electrolytes that the players mazed through sweat were not acquire regenerated. * The amount of Carbohydrates that the players used for pushing on theater was negligently being replenished. Birth of Gatorade Having zeroed on the problems, the inquiry team of Florida University scientific solely toldy fabricated a equilibrize liquid with precise b alance of carbohydrate and electrolytes. The ultimate sport beverage was uniquely produced in the lab to ensure the replacement of lost trace components from the luggage compartment of Gator Players while sweating and exercising.The proud confection make happy was called Gatorade. Gatorade comes on Field Having the product in Lab was not good enough. The formula was last introduced to the team the gators started using the beverage during their practice, exercises and sport on field. The results were ubiquitous. Players were less fatigued, more active and exhibited outlasting win against the heavily favored opponent of the time finishing the 65 season at 7-4. The performance had just started walking. By the year of 1966, Gator Team finished the season at 9-2 making a historical win of Orange Bowl.Beverage Buzz and Biz The beverage caught wild fire buzz in the field of sports far beyond the boundaries of Florida. People were curious about(predicate) the beverage as much inquisiti ve about the invention. University of Richmond and Miami of Ohio were first to place order of batches of Gatorade for their football team. Post the early adoption phase in the trade, followers of the trend just kept coming. The famous saying of the pusheres of that time was Playing without Gatorade on your sidelines is give care playing with just ten men field.Todays official Sports drink traversed boundaries of nations and labs to conquer the quest for on-field energy builder. Orange to Super by 69 In the summer of 1969, Coach dick Graves of the Florida Gators suggested to the Kansas City Chiefs that they use Gatorade to combat the staggering effects of a blistering Missouri sun during training camp. The Chiefs were so impressed with the Gator coachs aid that they kept it on their sidelines throughout the entire season which concluded with a stunning victory over the heavily favored atomic number 25 Vikings in Super Bowl IV.In the years that followed, more and more NFL teams b egan placing Gatorade on the sidelines of their games and practices, and in 1983, Gatorade became the official sports drink of the NFLa title it holds to this day. scholarship, Sports and Success after two long decades of Dr. Cade and his teams much famed work in developing optimum hydration formula- Gatorade made its way to the Gatorade Sports Science Institute founded in Barrington, Illinois, to conduct scientific enquiry in the areas of exercise science, hydration, and sport nutrition.By early 90s, the lab expanded to provide advanced testing for jocks and clean Gatorade products and flavors and develop education materials for sports wellness professed(prenominal)s around the world. Gatorade Today The official sports drink of the NBA, AVP, and PGA, Major League Baseball, Major League Soccer, and numerous other elite and professional organizations and teams, Gatorade is not a beverage is it From Field to Track Millennium witnessed a problem at the professional race car drivers coach pile up.The adequacy of hydration was a bit much of a problem given that the heat reaches 130 degree temperature throughout the course of a lapped race. The challenge was huge and battle was tough. Gatorade and GSSI (Gatorade Sports Science Institute) began their work with auto racing organizations to develop a hydration tool that could withstand 130-degree temperatures and keep drivers hydrated safely throughout the course of a race. The result of their research was the development of GIDS, the Gatorade In-Car Drinking System, which is now considered an essential piece of racing equipment.Drink up the Challenge The staff of GSSI (Gatorade Sports Science Institute) realized that replenishment on field was not good enough for the players and athletes. The withdraw of the hour engaged in high demand training and competition. Gatorade launched the Gatorade Performance Series, an exquisite line of sports nutrition products, in 01. These products included Gatorade Energy Drink, Gatorade Energy Bar, and the Gatorade Nutritional Shake. By 2005, GSSI (Gatorade Sports Science Institute) brought in the most captivating invention that took the grocery as much by strike as exclaimed.After extensive years of study on athletes endurance, the company presented the Gatorade Endurance Formula. Featuring a higher concentration of sodiumthe key electrolyte found in Original Thirst Quencherand four other electrolytes lost in sweat. What Next The staff of GSSI (Gatorade Sports Science Institute) is dedicated to innovative search and research on sports in their committal of performance improvisation on field and off field through proper facilitated supply of hydration and nutrition. The advancement of the collective mission is here to stay and for as long as people love sports and health is the much wanted wealthDrink the thrust of thirst almost facts which will help us understand the key success and the reason for Gatorade existence and market player consistent. * Deh ydration can be one of the biggest competitors of athletes. * inquiry shows that well hydrated athletes perform better. * When you sweat you lose fluids electrolytes and potassium essential to maintain performance merchandise The Pepsi Co. s much hyped and popular energy drink has far expanded the market from stadium, sport training and gymnasiums. The chart show cases the usage of drink widely by the society of Men or women of all ages who practice sports or have an active routine.What are the other possible factors that gets the drink flowing? Appearance The beautifully crafted Stylish plastic bottle is for sure an eye-catcher. not to forget the breathing colors, ergonomic bottle design and its fun packaging. Appeal The product? s price oscillates between $0. 65 and $1. 50 depending on the package presentation. It appeals to all age and income group due to wide variety and amplified reach in functional and emotional benefits related to Health. Attributes 1. Gatorade helps to pu t back lost electrolytes, such as sodium, potassium and chloride. 2.Stimulates thirst so you can maintain hydrated 3. Gives essential fluids athletics need when it matter most. 4. Gives working muscles the energy they need to enhance athletic performance 5. Nothing rehydrates replenishes and refuels an athlete better than Gatorade. Special Features a. Has a 6% carbohydrate solution, optimal amount to give working muscles the energy they need. b. New and different flavors Lemon Lime, Fruit Punch, Orange, Citrus Cooler, Passion Fruit, Strawberry Kiwi etc. c. No other sports drink is absorbed faster than Gatorade. Not even irrigate Advertisements.The product is advertised through T. V. with commercials in which very famous athletes appear drinking Gatorade to rehydrate. The media resources used for making advertizements are T. V. , radio, the Internet, magazines, newspapers. The purpose of advertisement is to convince consumers that nothing hydrates better than Gatorade. Positioning Target and Market Gatorades positions itself on the shelf of energy drink for sports and nutrition. However, it entails more market outside the athlete group with individual youth leading an active lifestyle who wants to enhance their health and energy stamina.Gatorades targets a communication which fills the void created by all other competitive brands which focus highly on providing fuel, fluid and nutrients before and after the exercise. * Based on 2008 Energy Drinks North America Report, where Gatorades package is 49%, total market size is US$ 5. 3Billion. * Gatorade sales is US$2. 6Billion * Gatorades market share is 49% * Then total sports drink market size is US$2. 6Billion/0. 49 = US$5. 3Billion Gatorades Speaks PTM- Primary Target Market Personality The youth leading an active lifestyle who are health conscious and strongly believes in fit body perfect mind theology.Demographics Young (pre-adults (13-24), M/F, social class ABC, single) Lifestyle Athletic, active, enjoy spo rts, playful and lively) demeanour Drinks 8 fl oz. of liquid, before, during or after any physical activity for * Thirst quenching * Prevent dehydration * Energy Boost * Nutritional Supplement * sanguine Beverage Needs The youth wants * To be secured (health), avoid dehydration thirst quenching * The youth choose Gatorade over other sports drinks because * Flavor, available in all convenient stores, * Brand (endorsed by Michael Jordan and Dwayne Wade), * Taste ThinksWhen the youth drinks Gatorade, he is not just thirst quenching, rehydrating, getting more active or olfactory propertying energized. They feel their mind saying * I am athletic * I am active * I am a winner * I would be like Michael Jordan/Dwayne Wade * I wont get dehydrated Competition Gatorade has several competitors on retail shelf Direct Competition * Pocari Sweat * PowerAde * tropical Fruit * Cool Blue Indirect Competition * Energy Drinks (Cobra, RedBull, Samurai), Isotonic Drinks (100 Plus), * Instant energy dr ink (Joss), * Flavored water (Vit water), * Tea (C2, Real Leaf), * Water (Viva, Absolute) Market Drivers Variables* Price, packaging, * Convenience of use * Different variants * Availability * Brand * Lifestyle Unique Selling Proposition 1. To thirsty, sweaty jock, Gatorade is the original sports beverage that quenches thirst while replacing fluids and electrolytes. 2. The solitary(prenominal) sports drink that is thirst quenching for the youth who leads an active lifestyle that promises to improve performance 3. No brand has a similar position. 4. Others focus on all over with electrolytes and positively charged ions. Gatorade- A 4P Analysis Product Gatorades sports drink is scientifically formulated to replace fluids and provide energy to working muscles.It offers a scientifically validated blend of carbohydrates and key electrolytes. Variants * Lemon-Lime, * Orange, * Cool Blue, * Citrus Cooler, * Strawberry Kiwi * Fruit Punch Sizes * 12 * 20 * 24 * 32 * 34 * 64 (in fl oz) an d 1 gallon Price Gatorade is priced 36% cheaper than PowerAde. i. Gatorade12 fl oz = US$ 1. 07 ii. Gatorade20 fl oz = US$ 1. 38 iii. Gatorade24 fl oz = US$ 2. 49 iv. Gatorade32 fl oz = US$ 3. 99 Place Gatorade is distributed nationwide using Pepsi Co. dissemination network * Supermarkets, * Local stores, * Convenience outlets, * Drugstores, * Market stalls * Nationwide Pick-up by customers.* Cash and credit transaction * It benefits from the distribution leverage of Pepsi Co. * Has an excellent branding, excellent product distributed nationwide. Promotion A look back Objective of Gatorade Accelerate in the sports drink market. Size of the total market $4 billion Growth of the market 12% from 2006 Seasonality Peaks in the summer Product Life Cycle Growth (Although Gatorade was created in 1965) we believe sports drinks are in the growth stage because theres a growth in market of 12% since 2006 also the number of entrants into the market suggests that this is a growing industriousness on its way up rather than down.Brand Market Share Dollars (in 000s) Gatorade 82% 3,280,000$ PowerAde 17% 680,000$ Others 1% 40,000$ Target profile * Metropolitan area/CMA * 13-24 * nimble lifestyle * Male or female * Single/Couple * Involved in organized sports/activities * Exercises regularly * Urban/suburban * Very social * outperform * Extroverted * Student or new professional * Unmarried/newly married * College/university educated * Renter or new family/condo proprietor * $18,000 $150,000 yearly income * $18,000 $35,000 average consumer * Generally considers themselves leaders * Heavier user (of sports beverages).* Previously used other sports drinks not new to the market * Strong brand loyalty found on expected performance * Looking for a competitive edge * Interested in local news with an emphasis on sports * Watches sports on tv * Reads magazines about healthy living, sports, and recent events * Regularly purchases athletic gear/clothing Buying decision process When * On their way to activities (exercise/sports games, etc) * On their way home from activities * When they miss their activities Where * Convenience stores/gas stations * Gyms * Snack bars * Grocery stores (healthy ones like The Barn/Logos).* Vending machines * Located in recreation centers, gyms, etc * Health-based/oriented retailers (GNC, Hercs, faithfulness Me , etc) * Schools Key Influencers * Pro athletes * Amateur athletes * Someone like themselves that they can relate to/identify with * Peers Trends * Looking towards everyday people promoting product because they feel more in tune with their situation * Value conscious now means more than price for quantity * They are now paying attention to ingredients and benefits, so treasure = right price, right ingredients and benefits * Using sports drinks as regular drinks.* Looking to make healthier choices less sugar, fat, etc. Environmental Issues Regulatory packaging, labeling, etc. * Must meet CFIA regulations * Must include nut ritional information * French/English labels * Must avoid certain types of plastic for the bottle Economic * Recession drive to water Socio-cultural * Time-conscious/time-poor * Environmental trends consumers want to buy recyclable products * Health-oriented society * Demanding convenience/accessibility Technological * Advancements in production SWOT analysis Strengths.* Large company * Has secure capital * Very well-known company-brand * Lots of awareness * Product has a strong USP * 41 carbohydrate to protein ratio Weaknesses * No current products in the sports drink market * No experience in the sports drink market Opportunities * Very large market (dollar wise) * Cultural shift towards healthier lifestyles * Currently, limited choices in the sports drink market Threats * Fear of recession * Consumers will only be purchasing necessities * Size of competitors * Mainly Gatorade and PowerAde.

U.S. automobile industry.

U.S. railroad car manufacturing.EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Car is great cheat of human development. After more(prenominal) than two centuries of development and innovation, machinemotive products re chief(prenominal) irreplace able-bodied in the transportation. Automobile assiduity is always one of the most principal(prenominal) industries of from each one country and the mankind in general. The U.S. cable car industry was born in the beginning of 19th century, contri furtheres a huge amount in gross interior(prenominal) product of Ameri flock as well as one of the domination industries in Ameri offer particularly and globe generally. This project provides an overall and comprehensive view or so the U.S. move industry. Through application of appropriate strategic analysis tools, this topic focus on analyze four following parts Firstly, the overall live macro- environment of this industry is provided, especially the key forces driving change in the U.S. gondola industry. Second ly, using the Michael Porter model to analyze the competitive environment or in like manner called task or industry environment, the strengths and extent of competitive forces, which mint the attractiveness of the U.S. automobile industry. Next, map of the key strategic group in the U.S. automobile industry and analysis of the competitors in a main strategic group. Finally, based on the analysis of both environments, this report offers comments of the key opportunities and threats facing by the firm in the U.S. automobile industry and its attractiveness of the present incumbents and potential freshly entrants.I. INTRODUCTIONThe unify States, with its total current resident is about 308 million, is the third most populous country in the world. It is the second largest country in Western Hemisphere, and the third or twenty-five percent largest in the world by total area. With an estimated 2008 gross domestic product (GDP) of US $14.4 trillion (a quarter of nominal global GDP and a fifth of global GDP at purchasing power parity), the U.S. deli truly continuingly occupies the most important position in global economy.Based on these advantages, the U.S. automobile mart is one of the third largest marts, after China and Japan, both of manufacturing and consumption. The U.S. automobile industry has long historic development from the early decades of the 19th. There were over 1800 automobile manufacturers in the United States in the past. Although very few can buy the farm and provided a few immature ones were started after that period, they are on the top auto contrivers of the world. Moreover, it attracts most of the biggest foreign automakers to locate factories and invest, such as Toyota, Honda, BMW, Mitsubishi, etc.Recently, the automobile industry dramatically down caused the shortage resource and the current economic crisis. The U.S. automobile can non avoid this trend. However, the general industry and Big Three U.S. automakers cosmopolitan Motors, Chrysler, and crossover recover gradually whereby the timely auto industry bailout and restructuring of the President Barack Obamas politics.II. THE CURRENT MACRO-ENVIRONMENT OF THE AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRYThere are many external forces that can affect an industrys performance and hence to know well about the environment is the best way for improving the strength as well as reducing the weaknesses of companies in the field. This analysis of Socio-cultural, Technological, Economic, Ecological, Political and legal forces that affect the automobile manufacturing industry will be presented as follows. 1. Socio-cultural forcesIt cannot be deny that in todays society, concourse are judged on the type of cars they drive. Anyone who drives a nice and expensive vehicle is thought to be wealthy and success. People will find them-selves more valuable and feel ameliorate when they drive a nice and new car and therefore, car manufacturers tar amount their markets by these thoughts. For example, with Mercedes-Benz, the producer launched three types of cars, which represent the discolourations value luxury, arctic, innovation. They are A-Class, F400-Carving and C-Class which being able to appeal the significant diversity of Mercedes-Benz in conquering the customers.Another thought provoking issue of the socio cultural is the environmental concerns for the need of elicit-efficient vehicles. Many environmentalists are broken about the impact that the gas cars shake off on the environment. The lower amount of gas emission emits into the air, the better the environment becomes. Therefore this problem also is taken into status by specialists of automobile companies. 2. Technological forcesThe U.S. is the worlds largest producer and consumer of motor vehicles with production of 16 million units every year. To increase its scale, the U.S automotive industry continues to experience scientific change by investing on query and develop projects every year. These plan aim at f inding out clean and renewable animation resources so that car can be used in the most efficient way. In addition to this, improving the case of engine, making new more functions, changing technical innovation and styles for cars are also the objects that car-manufacturers want to bring to customers.Getting success as today, automobile industry should consider Internet as an important and useful instrument that make the business easier and more convenient. Thanks to its functions, the business of automobile industry becomes more efficiency and lower cost by e-booking, payment, connecting suppliers and customers online. For example, crosswalk, GM, and Daimler Chrysler created a global online exchange for suppliers and the original equipment manufacturers. 3. Economic forces In the past, the automobile manufacturing industry is regarded as one of the largest and vital industries within the U.S due to its great alter to this economy in employment and productivity. Reports indicate that motor vehicle production represents over 5 % of the U.S. private sector GDP.However, because of the global crisis and the increase in vegetable oil price, 2008 and 2009 are the most difficult periods for automobile companies all over the world. In US, the number of cars sold is significantly reduced to be lower than 30% in 2008 and predicted 50% in 2009, making many automobile companies got into trouble, especially big ones like universal Motors, hybridizing and Chrysler. 19.4 billion aid from the U.S. government with 9.5 billion from Canada government can not help popular Motors avoid from breaking in 1/6/2009. The car consumption of Ford Corporation also reduced significantly, they had to close four plants in the U.S. and thousands of workers to leave work until now.The head of corporate manufacturing automotive components Continental (Germany) Karl-Thomas Neumann is predicted, the crisis in the automobile industry could take up to the next 5 years. This means that over 5 0 million people live based on the automobile industry will have to locution unemployment in this period. 4. Ecological forcesAfter the crisis, major technology trends that automobile production corporations want to aim at are comfortable, friendly environment with consumption of fuel savings cars. In present, Hybrid vehicles with fuel economy of fuel consumption at 35 km per liter gasoline are taken into consideration and eventually moving to the car model that does not use fuel as crude oil is development direction of the automobile industry in the near future. Besides, Pollution Prevention Project will be carried out regularly with the hope of finding innovative ways to keep our environment healthier and cleaner. 5. Political and legal forcesSince the 1960s, the U.S. government has issued regulations that affect the production and consumption of cars in this country. tallyly, almost all of the provisions are about environmental related problems and the safety of the drivers as well as passengers. The first National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act that forced manufacturers to improve the safety for the passengers, the driver visibility, and the braking of the car were approved in 1966.After that, there was also growing concern for the environment, many Acts were introduced in order to set standards for automobile pollution and decrease in automobile emission such as The Vehicle Air Pollution and Control Act, Clean Air Act. Then, after the oil crisis in the 1970s, The Energy policy and Conservation Act stated that all automobiles must meet a certain mileage per gallon to ensure that the amount of energy could be rescue as much as possible.III. THE COMPETITIVE ENVIRONMENT In todays fierce competitive environment, the firms need to achieve competitive advantages for competing, existing and growing. Accordingly, the firms must recognize the environment that powerfully influences the firms. In American automobile industry, the automobile manufacturers have realized the environments influence to automotive industry. At the same time, they must look at the main sources of competitive forces and how high or low competitive force is. As stated by Wheelen and Hunger (2008, p. 83) about the six sources of competition in Porters v Forces model. This framework is used to identify the opportunities and threats for entering in to a particular industry. It is featured as follow contest amongstexistingfirms in the industryThe American automobile industry includes three major manufacturers, General Motors, Fords, and Daimler Chrysler. On the other hand, it has also two Japanese biggest competitors, Honda and Toyota.Now we will discuss about how well-set each competitive force is and which they affect on the attractiveness of the American automotive industry. 1. The threat of new entrants-Barriers to launch New entrants can threaten the market share of existing competitors. One reason new entrants pose such a threat is that they bring addit ional production capacity, reducing the attractiveness. (Hitt, Ireland and Hoskinsson, 2008). The threat of new entrants is low in the American automobile industry because of some main reasons. First, the American automobile industry now is mature and it has attained economies of scale. Although Honda and Toyota have invested to a great extent in America to produce cars, now the crisis in the auto industry and the slow sluggish state of the global economy lead to small necessary therefore, new entrants are not interested to enter this sector. Besides, this heavy industry requires a significant amount of capital for producing automobiles as well as research and development new designs. It also demands mod technologies, management and marketing skills. Besides, establishing the intermediaries for distributing the products is not the simply problem in America. The firms must look for the dealership to sell their automobiles. These entry barriers are substantial that make it difficul t for new automakers. Accordingly, it is not easy for any new entrants to enter the American automobile industry. 2. Bargaining power of suppliers According to Hill and Jones (2008), the bargaining power of suppliers is the suppliers cleverness to raise input prices or the costs of the industry by providing poor lineament inputs or poor work. In the automobile industry, the bargaining power of suppliers is low. The auto manufactures need several components from suppliers. Moreover, there are many suppliers in this sector. We can see that suppliers in the U.S automobile industry have little power. Therefore, the auto manufacturers have many options for bargaining prices and deliveries. If suppliers do not meet some main qualifications such as quality and delivery, the auto manufacturers can switch to other suppliers. Besides, the automakers can have many opportunities to force down input price as well as demand higher(prenominal) quality inputs. 3. Bargaining power of buyers Wheel en and Hunger (2008) mentioned that buyers could have an effect on an industry with their ability to force down price, bargain for high quality or more services. Thus, powerful buyers should be viewed as a threat of the industry. The bargaining power of the buyers in the American automobile industry is high. Nowadays, customers easily get information and have many options in choosing brands and models of cars in the midst of auto suppliers. Some of qualifications that they based on in choosing cars are quality, price, appearance, efficient, and so on. Because of the variety of lifestyle, customers purchase the cars in different ways.Besides, the switching costs are low in automobile industry. As a result, the buyers can play off the supplying company against each other to force down price. Whats more, a buyer has the potential to integrate backward by producing the product itself as a bargaining tool. Ford and General Motor have used the threat of manufacturing a component themsel ves instead of buying it from suppliers. 4. The threat of substitute products Hitt, Ireland and Hoskinsson (2008) pointed out that substitute products are goods or services from outside a given industry that perform similar or the same functions as a products that the industry produce. The threat of substitute products in U.S automobile industry is medium. Although people can travel by several general transportation means such as subways, trains, buses, the need of automobiles is inevitable in todays modern life. Traveling by automobiles bring conveniences and dependences for people whenever and wherever they want to go. Moreover, in using subways, trains, buses, the switching costs are high in considering of time, notes and convenience. The cost of fuel consumption, the maintenance costs, the annual insurance fee, and so on in using automobiles may be higher than traveling by public transportation means. Thus, we can see that the threat of substitute products is depend on persona l preference and it can be seen mild in automobile industry. 5. rival among existing firms in the industry Rivalry refers to the competitive struggle between companies in an industry to gain market share from each other (Hill and Jones, 2008). Rivalry among competitors is extremely intense in the American automobile industry. There are few competitors in this sector and they are roughly equal in size. We can consider that American automobile industry is a consolidated industry because a small number of large automobile companies dominate this industry. They are General Motors, Fords, and Daimler Chrysler. In todays economic recession with slow market growth, each auto company watches each other carefully and fights to take market share from each other. They compete with each other by offering long-term warranties to customers. Besides, the rivalry among existing firms is high in this industry because of not much differentiation opportunities. General Motors, Fords, and Daimler Chry sler produce automobiles and sport utility vehicles. They evaluate about the price, quality, product design, and after-sales services and support of each other in competing to gain market share. Overall, the competition between American automakers can strengthen the attractiveness of automobile market as well as improve the product quality and after-sales services in automobile industry. 6. Relative power of other stakeholders The US government has low power over the automobile industry. General Motors, Fords have plants outside the United States, where U.S laws are not applicable. Forces driven by market demand are the only forces that significantly affect profit potential of auto industry. Accordingly, the relative power of other stakeholders ability to affect profit potential is low. After analyzing the Porters Five Forces model in the American automobile industry, we can see that the threat of new entrants is low through high entry barriers. The rivalry among existing firms is extremely intense because of few automakers in this sector. The overall impact from buyers bargaining power to the industrys attractiveness is high because customers have many options. Suppliers have limited bargaining power in this industry. The threat of substitute products is moderate and the relative power of other stakeholders is low.IV. MAPPING OF THE KEY strategic GROUPS AND ANALYSIS OF THE COMPETITORS According to Anthony Henry (2007) and Gregory, Lumpkin Marilyn (2002), the purpose of strategic group mapping is help organization identify their directly competitors, recognize mobility barriers, indicate the direction in which their strategies are moving to determine industry competition and analyze trends in the general and competitive environment.Automotive industry is one of the most complicated industries in which the giant corporations own many brands and focus on many different market sectors. The price of the product in the automotive industry is not only depended the cost but also related to the brand shape of the firm. Those are the reason why this report chose the brand image and product ranger as the two variances for the two dimensions.Base on two dimensions as mentioned above, five strategic groups are formed. These groups are mainly formed base on the passing of brand image. However, the criterion of product ranger is very useful when mentioning about the luxury and extreme luxury group.The first group includes firms that have the brand image as low class / low price (Hyundai, Kia, Tata). However, this group is the second highest wide range of product cluster. All most of those firms are defender. The short-term scheme of the companies mostly is cost orientation. The strategy of these organizations is try to clear the image of the low class, low quality brand and endeavor to enter to the second group which is ticker class brands. The way that Hyundai try to do is build a new image of a quality brand when they offer an extensive warran ty (7 years, 100,000 miles) (Gregory at all, 2002)The second group is the most powerful cluster. They have the most wide range of product which cover all most of segment of the automotive market exclude S-segment (Appendix I car classification). Majority of them are analyzers type. Toyota is a typical example. They have a wide range of current traditional engine product, which can give it a stable fundamental for them to innovate in the other sector. On the other sector, Toyota innovate the new generation hybrid engine (Toyota Prius), which is the root word in the world of traditional energy shortage nowadays. In the future, as the competitors in the same strategic group, Honda and Ford are going to introduce the new generation hybrid cars to compete with Toyota.To reach to the higher class of customers, these firms that stick with the image of middle class car try not to introduce a new high-toned line but create a new higher-class brand or purchase an existence higher-class bran d. With this purpose, Toyota creates Lexus, Nissan owns Infiniti, Volkswagen has Audi, Bentley and Bugatty etc.The third group is the high-class cluster. The price is higher than the middle-class mainly because the brand image and the performance of engine. In this group, the ranger of product is narrower than the middle class group because of the focus on the higher income group. To reach the higher class of customer, those firms also implicate the same strategy with the second group, which create new brands or purchase new ones. For example, BMW owns Rolls Royce.The fourth and fifth group is the luxury and extremely luxury car. Those two groups differ between each other not only on the price but also on the target customer although they are seemed in the same position when we mention in the ranger of product.The fourth group mainly focuses on the sport car, which has the high speed and hi-end technology. The target customers are young successful businessperson and celebrities. On the other section, the target customers of fifth group are people have the high state in the society, successful executives and of very rich. Because of the difference in the target customer and brand history image, the barrier of motivation is very high between those two groups.The group that this report focus on is the middle class which is the most profitable and innovative group in the automotive industryFORDHenry Ford in June 16, 1903 founded Ford Motors Company, which would go on to become one of the most profitable and largest companies in the world. As cognize one of the largest family-controlled companies, Ford family has been continuous controlling this company for over 100 years. The company locates the head-quarter in Dearborn, Michigan, United States. Ford is currently the fourth-largest automaker in the world and the third in US based on number of vehicle sold annually which records 1,602,011 in the U.S. market and 5,407,000 in the global market. In 2008, Ford employe d about 213,000 employees at around 90 plants and facilities worldwide.STRENGTHSWEAKNESSESWell-known brand and historyProduct diversificationOffering hybrid and environmental friendly cars effective marketing plan Bold MovesSponsoring and financing for big event.Product has a good review quality, reliability, moderate price.Firestone tire recalls.CEO Jacques Nasser and Chairman Bill Ford Jr. cannot get along.Their overseas allocation and outsourcing creates fewer jobs in America.Their products are getting lower quality due to use cheap ways to make them.HONDASoichiro Honda found the Honda Technical Research Institute in Hamamatsu in October 1946, to develop and produce small 2-cycle motorbike engines. Two years later, Honda Motor Company, Ltd. was born, and in 1959, Honda open(a) its first storefront in Los Angeles with six industrious employees. Today, Honda employs nearly 27,000 people in all 50 states.STRENGTHSWEAKNESSESGood brand in producing high quality products from cars to motorcycles to lawn mowers.One of the largest manufacturers of motorcycles in the worldAwards for initial quality and customer satisfactionPioneer in engineering low emissions internal combustion and hybrid technology. high price for non-luxury vehicles.Non-attractive in truck product. game technology cost cause over-price for consumer.MITSUBISHI MOTORBasically, Mitsubishi Motors is one member of Mitsubishi group was found on April 22, 1970, and was based on the successful introduction of the first Galant. Until now, MMC has 33,202 employees and 12,761 non-consolidated employees, as of March 2008. The Mitsubishi brand was introduced to the American market for the first time in 1971. Until now, they employ about 18,500 employees across United States. Nearly two-thirds of the Mitsubishi vehicles are sold in the U.S particularly this number is 58,963 in the end of 2008.STRENGTHSWEAKNESSES4th largest automaker in JapanRestructuring Recovery plan. inviolable brand awareness.Member of Mi tsubishi Group.Poor model awareness.Loss of RD engineers.Weak uncertain leadership.Eclipse brand strongly associated with Female buyers.History of product recallsTOYOTAToyota Motors Corporation was established on 28 August 1937 as independent company, headquarter is being located in Toyota city, Japan. The founder of Toyota was Kiichiro Toyoda. Nowadays, Toyota is basing 26 factories to produce vehicles, and marketing distribution in more than clxx countries in the world. In 2008, Toyota passed General Motors to become the No1 automaker in USA and the worlds largest automaker in global sales for the first time in history.STRENGTHSWEAKNESSESWell-trained employees.Strong leadership.Global organization, with a strong international position in 170 countries worldwide.High financial strength.Strong brand image based on quality, environmental friendly (greener), customized range.The largest automaker.Well culture-friendly, family encourages employees.Product diversification, developin g the hybrid- motor product ranges.Japanese car manufacturer seen as a foreign importer.Quality issues due to rge-scale re-call do in 2005.Most products targeted to the US and Japan only shifting attention to the Chinese market.VOLKSWAGENFounded by Ferdinand Porsche on May 28, 1937 as Grsellschaft zur Vorbereitung des Deutschen Volkswagens mbH and renamed as Volkswagenwerk GmbH in 1938, from a small car company, nowadays Volkswagen becomes the largest automobile maker in the world by vehicle production (Autocar, 2009)STRENGTHSWEAKNESSESAggressive and talent leadershipHigh financial strength.The largest automaker.High reputation German quality engineCost-control with the purchasing listNon-stop requirement for the new projectSpecial production testing cognitive operation (manager attend the test drives)Lower position than Toyota and Honda in the market shareBad public image because of GM sueNot good descent with their investorsV. THE COMMENTATION VI. CONCLUSIONAutomobile industr y is one of the most important industries contributed the U.S. worldwide dominated position. However, this industry now is facing the worst crisis of the car industry in the past decades. The most urgent task is recovering this crisis. Moreover, finding out the new developed trend is the main strategic for whole the industry.